GAO Yukun; ZHAO Jie; ZHOU Jingjing; ZHOU Jing

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241379

Abstract

Macro fiber composite (MFC) is extensively utilized in aviation, aerospace, civilian, and military domains due to its high piezoelectricity, flexibility, and minimal loss. Nevertheless, existing research on MFC sensors has focused on material applications, with a conspicuous lack of systematic investigation into the simulation and modeling of MFC sensor devices. In this study, three models, namely, a representative volume element (RVE) model, a direct model, and a Hybrid model are established to analyze the finite element models of MFC, covering the scales from micro to macro. On the one hand, the equivalent RVE model contributes to an understanding of the internal electric field distribution in MFC, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for force-electric coupling. On the other hand, the application of the direct model and hybrid model accords with the boundary conditions in MFC applications, which lays a theoretical foundation for the stress sensing and resonance sensing mechanisms of MFC. These models constitute effective tools for predicting the sensing performance of MFC smart element sensors. The simulation outcomes indicate that resonant sensors exhibit significantly superior performance compared with patch sensors. Under the conditions where the excitation acceleration is 5 m/s² and the cantilever substrate length is 80 mm, the simulated resonant frequency of the MFC resonant sensor is 67 Hz, with an output voltage of 4.17 V. Experimental results confirm these findings. It is reported that the resonant frequency is 74 Hz and the output voltage is 3.59 V for the MFC sensor. The remarkable consistency between the simulation results and experimental data of the MFC sensor deserves to be emphasized. In addition, the MFC sensor shows excellent sensing sensitivity at low frequencies, with a sensitivity of 7.35 V/g. Obviously, MFC shows remarkable sensing characteristics at low-frequency resonance. The three finite element models established in this work can well predict the sensing performance of MFC sensors, thus ensuring reliable prediction of the performance of such sensors.

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Corresponding author: ZHOU Jingjing, 202401001@fynu.edu.cn ; ZHOU Jing, zhoujing@whut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Informatics of Anhui Education Institutes Open Program, China (Grant No. FMDI202407), the Key Program of Fuyang Normal University Youth Talent Fund, China (Grant No. rcxm202402), and the Natural Science Foundation Innovation Research Team of Hainan Province, China (Grant No. 524CXTD431).

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建模参数	纤维宽度	纤维高度	环氧宽度	环氧高度	电极宽度	电极高度	电极间距	纤维电极间距
定义符号	W_f	H_f	W_e	H_e	W_i	H_i	S_i	S_f
初始值/mm	0.35	0.45	0.3	0.45	0.1	0.04	0.5	0.04

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密度/(kg·m^–3)	压电常数/(10^–12 C·N^–1)			介电常数		柔度矩阵/(10^–12m²·N^–1)
ρ	d₃₃	d₃₁	d₁₅	$\varepsilon_{11 }$	$\varepsilon_{33} $	s₁₁	s₁₂	s₁₃	s₃₃	s₄₄	s₆₆
7750	593	–274	741	3130	3400	16.5	–4.8	–8.5	20.7	43.5	42.6

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材料	密度/ (kg·m^–3)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	相对介电常数
铜电极	8960	120	0.34	—
环氧树脂	1960	1	0.38	4

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性能参数	单位	数值范围
灵敏度(±5%)	V/g	0.5—7.35
工作频段(±5%)	Hz	1—200
谐振频率	Hz	74
响应时间	ms	<1
输出电压	V	0.5—20

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Vol. 74, Issue 5 - 2025-03-05

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