LUO Shichao; WU Liyin; HU Shouchao; GONG Hongming; LYU Minglei; KONG Xiaoping

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241307

Abstract

In the re-entry process of the vehicle into the atmosphere, the high-temperature environment, induced by the compression of the strong shock wave and viscous retardation, is created around the head of a vehicle. These generate a conductive plasma flow field, which provides a direct working environment for the application of magnetohydrodynaimic (MHD) control technology. Numerical simulations based on thermochemical non-equilibrium MHD model are adopted to analyze the surface heat flux of an orbital reentry experiment (OREX) vehicle. The influences of wall catalytic conditions on the aerothermal environment under different flight conditions are discussed. In addition, the control mechanism of an external magnetic field on high-temperature thermochemical non-equilibrium flow field is analyzed. The results show that the distribution of surface heat flux monotonically increases with the catalytic recombination coefficient increasing, and the surface heat flux rises and then drops with the flight altitude decreasing. Moreover, the wall catalytic properties significantly affect the efficiency of MHD control technology, and the total heat flux is closely related to the accumulation of atomic components, diffusion gradient and temperature gradient near the wall region. With an external magnetic field applied, the accumulation of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms near the wall can be reduced. Moreover, the Lorentz force can increase the shock standoff distance, and then reduce the component diffusion gradient and wall temperature gradient. Under three different wall catalytic conditions, the ability to control the surface heat flux MHD is ranked from strong to weak as fully catalyzed, partially catalyzed and non-catalyzed.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: KONG Xiaoping, kongxiaoping08@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0405200) and the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program of China (Grant No. 2024NSFSC1378).

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反应类型	反应表达式	控制温度
离解反应	$ {\text{AB}} + {\text{M}} \rightleftarrows {\text{A}} + {\text{B}} + {\text{M}} $	$ 正向 : {T}_{\text{f}} = {T}^{\alpha }{T}_{v}^{1-\alpha };\text{ }逆向 : {T}_{\text{b}} = T $
交换反应	$ \begin{array}{c} {\text{AB}} + {\text{C}} \rightleftarrows {\text{A}} + {\text{BC}} \\ {\text{A}}{{\text{B}}^ + } + {\text{C}} \rightleftarrows {{\text{A}}^ + } + {\text{BC}} \end{array} $	$ 正向 : {T}_{\text{f}} = T;\text{ }逆向 : {T}_{\text{b}} = T $
一般电离反应	$ \begin{array}{c} {\text{A}} + {\text{B}} \rightleftarrows {\text{A}}{{\text{B}}^ + } + {{\mathrm{e}}^ - } \\ {\text{AB}} + {\text{M}} \rightleftarrows {\text{A}}{{\text{B}}^ + } + {{\mathrm{e}}^ - } + {\text{M}} \\ {{\text{A}}_2} + {{\text{B}}_2} \rightleftarrows {\text{A}}{{\text{B}}^ + } + {\text{AB}} + {{\mathrm{e}}^ - } \end{array} $	$ 正向 : {T}_{\text{f}} = T;\text{ }逆向 : {T}_{\text{b}} = {T}_{v} $
电子碰撞电离反应	$ {\text{A}} + {{\mathrm{e}}^ - } \rightleftarrows {{\text{A}}^ + } + {{\mathrm{e}}^ - } + {{\mathrm{e}}^ - } $	$ 正向 : {T}_{{\mathrm{f}}} = {T}_{v};\text{ }逆向 : {T}_{\text{b}} = {T}_{v} $

DownLoad: CSV

参数	符号	值
速度/(km·s^–1)	${V_\infty }$	7.99
来流温度/K	T_∞	345
总焓/(MJ·kg^–1)	${H_0}$	32
来流密度/(kg·m^–3)	ρ_∞	1.77×10^–4

DownLoad: CSV

算例	飞行时间	H/km	${\rho _\infty }$/(kg·m^–3)	Ma	${T_\infty }$/K
C1	7441.5	71.73	6.489×10^–5	23.89	214.98
C2	7451.5	67.66	1.143×10^–4	22.22	225.99
C3	7461.5	63.60	1.960×10^–4	20.09	237.14
C4	7471.5	59.60	3.255×10^–4	17.55	248.12
C5	7481.5	55.74	5.203×10^–4	14.71	258.74
C6	7491.5	51.99	8.065×10^–4	11.80	268.20
C7	7501.5	48.40	1.253×10^–3	9.06	270.65

DownLoad: CSV

网格	$\Delta n$/(10^–6 m)	$R{e_{\Delta n, \infty }}$
Case_M1	252.00	20
Case_M2	126.00	10
Case_M3	50.00	4
Case_M4	25.00	2
Case_M5	7.20	0.6
Case_M6	3.60	0.3

DownLoad: CSV

工况	H /km	驻点热流实验结果$ Q_{\text{w},\exp}/(\text{MW}{\cdot}\text{m}^{-2}) $	实验数据拟合有效催化系数 γ/10^–3
C1	71.73	0.354	7.7
C2	67.66	0.401	6.3
C3	63.60	0.410	5.5
C4	59.60	0.369	4.2
C5	55.74	0.275	5.5
C6	51.99	0.179	9.6
C7	48.40	0.093	36.0

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Vol. 74, Issue 2 - 2025-01-20

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