SHEN Yangyi; DAI Yu; KONG Xinxin; ZHAO Sizepeng; ZHANG Wenxi

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20240682

Abstract

In a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), the laser Doppler effect is used to real-time acquire target displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Fiber optic laser vibrometers have received widespread attention in recent years due to their strong environmental adaptability and high integration advantages. With the expansion of detection target distance, higher requirements have been put forward for the measurement resolution of laser vibrometers. The LDV system typically employs a transceiver integrated telescope structure for laser emission and target return light reception. The aperture and focal length of the transceiver telescope determine its basic structure, directly affecting the emission and reception efficiency of laser energy. Additionally, the speckle effect generated by the scattering of rough targets affects the coupling of light energy entering the fiber optic for interference, thereby influencing the LDV measurement resolution.Based on relevant theories such as Gaussian beam waist transmission, rough target generation, Fresnel diffraction integration, and fiber optic coupling, a transceiver integrated fiber optic laser vibrometer optical field transmission model is established. Numerical simulation and analysis of the emission transmission process of ideal Gaussian laser and the coupling process of surface target echo reception are conducted. Based on the assumption of laser vibrometer speckle noise limitation, an evaluation scheme for the instrument’s noise baseline under rough target return light conditions is proposed. Numerical simulation experiments are conducted for a typical fiber LDV application scenario with an alignment distance of 1 km, a single-mode fiber mode field radius of 5 μm, and a laser wavelength of 1550 nm. The results indicate that the focal length and aperture of the transceiver telescope determine the distribution of system energy utilization and further affect the instrument’s noise baseline. Simulation results show that when the F-number of the transceiver lens reaches 3.3, LDV achieves the highest system energy utilization at this focal length, verifying the correctness of the simulation model. The simulation results can serve as a basis for the design of transceiver lenses for fiber optic laser vibrometers, laser anemometers, and other devices.

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Corresponding author: ZHANG Wenxi, zhangwenxi@aoe.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF0706300).

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状态/过程	光场分布表示	理论基础	近似条件
A	$ {U_{{\text{A, TX}}}}(x, y) $	单模光纤光场分布理论	光纤高斯光场分布假设
A→B	$ {U_{{\text{B, TX}}}}(x, y) $	高斯光束自由空间传输理论	傍轴近似
B→C	$ {U_{{\text{C, TX}}}}(x, y) $	透镜相位调制理论	理想薄透镜假设理想圆孔硬边光阑假设
C→D	$ {U_{{\text{D, TX}}}}(\xi , \eta ) $	菲涅耳衍射积分理论	傍轴近似

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状态/过程	光场分布表示	理论基础	近似条件
D	$ {U_{{\text{D, RX}}}}(x, y) $	Johnson转化系统理论	粗糙表面平稳随机过程假设
D→C	$ {U_{{\text{C, RX}}}}(x, y) $	菲涅耳衍射积分理论	傍轴近似
C→B	$ {U_{{\text{B, RX}}}}(x, y) $	透镜相位调制理论	理想薄透镜假设理想圆孔硬边光阑假设
B→A	$ {U_{{\text{A, RX}}}}(x, y) $	菲涅耳衍射积分理论	傍轴近似
光纤耦合	—	光纤耦合理论	—

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收发透镜焦距	镜面目标		粗糙目标
收发透镜焦距	口径/mm	F数	口径/mm	F 数
400 mm	105	3.81	120	3.33
500 mm	130	3.84	155	3.22
600 mm	155	3.87	185	3.24
700 mm	180	3.89	210	3.33

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