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Dilution refrigerator, as a refrigeration technology that can obtain extremely low temperatures below 10 mK, is widely used in fields such as quantum computing, and condensed matter physics. The development of the most widely used typical dry dilution refrigerators has been relatively mature, while there is little research on other types of dilution refrigerators, and there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on dilution refrigeration technology. This paper focuses on the current status of dilution refrigeration technology research, introduces its basic principles, and points out that the fundamental reason for continuous refrigeration is the limited solubility of 3He in 4He and the difference in enthalpy between the concentrated phase and the dilute phase. This paper summarizes the realization forms and research progress of typical dilution refrigerators, 4He cycle dilution refrigerators, cold cycle dilution refrigerators, and space dilution refrigerators, and discusses their respective application occasions and advantages and disadvantages. From the Kapitza thermal resistance, osmotic pressure, and resistance, this paper analyzes the key influencing factors and design calculation methods for realizing dilution refrigerators below 10 mK, which provides reference for studying dilution refrigeration technology. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] -
公司 稀释制冷机型号 最低温度/mK 制冷功率 Bluefors BF- LD250 10 250 μW@100 mK, 10 μW@20 mK BF-XLD400 10 400 μW@100 mK, 15 μW@20 mK BF-XLD1000 10 1000 μW@100 mK, 30 μW@20 mK KIDE 10 3 mW@100 mK(3个模块) Oxford Proteox MX 10 450 μW@100 mK, 12 μW@20 mK Proteox LX 7 850 μW@100 mK, 25 μW@20 mK Proteox 5 mK 5 850 μW@100 mK, 25 μW@20 mK Janis JDry-500 10 400 μW@100 mK JDry-750 9 400 μW@100 mK, 14 μW@20 mK Cryoconcept HEXA-DRY L 10 450 μW@100 mK 
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单位/企业 目前最低温度/mK 制冷功率 中国科学院物理研究所 <7.6 >450 μW@100 mK 中国科学院理化技术研究所[7] ~15 >400 μW@100 mK 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 7.9 >450 μW@100 mK 安徽大学/合肥知冷低温科技有限公司 8.5 550 μW@100 mK 中船鹏力超低温 12 >450 μW@100 mK 本源量子 <10 >450 μW@100 mK 北京飞斯科科技有限公司 <10 >300 μW@100 mK 集焓科学仪器有限公司 6.8 >400 μW@100 mK
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蒸发器温度/K P30/Pa P40/Pa x3/% a P3/Pa P4/Pa (P3+P4)/Pa [P3/(P3+P4)]/% 0.9 695 5.542 0.78 4.47 24.23 5.499 29.73 81.51 0.8 378 1.526 0.88 5.13 17.06 1.513 18.58 91.86 0.7 180 0.30375 1 5.98 10.76 0.301 11.06 97.28 0.6 70.6 0.037485 1.2 7.11 6.02 0.037 6.06 99.39 0.5 20.5 0.002178 1.4 8.69 2.49 0.0021 2.50 99.91 0.4 3.59 0.001 1.8 11.07 0.72 0.0010 0.72 99.86
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