Shu Pan-Pan; Zhao Peng-Cheng

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20241177

Abstract

Gas breakdown is one of the key factors limiting the increase of power capacity of the outer surface of high-power microwave dielectric window. It is of great significance to conduct corresponding simulation studies. Compared with the fluid model, the particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision model has two advantages. One is that the influence of numerical dispersion and instability problems is insignificant, and the other is that it can accurately describe microphysical processes. Therefore, the breakdown characteristics on the gas side of dielectric window are simulated by using the particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision model. The two-in-one macro-particle merging method is introduced into the model, thereby greatly reducing the number of macro-particles tracked. Therefore, the whole breakdown process can be simulated and analyzed. The results show that the spatial and temporal evolution of breakdown under the variable macro-particle weight is in good agreement with that under the constant macro-particle weight. This suggests that the two-in-one macro-particle merging method is applicable under the simulation conditions of interest in this paper, i.e., when the ratio of the effective electric field of microwaves to the pressure is between $1.76\times10^3$ and $1.41\times10^4$ V/(m$\cdot$Torr). Since the yield of the secondary electron emission is much less than 1, gas ionization is the dominant mechanism of breakdown on the gas side of dielectric window. Electron ionization and electron diffusion lead the density and thickness of the plasma to significantly increase over time. The peak of electron density does not appear at the dielectric surface, but at a position of 100–150 μm away from the dielectric surface. This is because a large number of electrons are deposited on the dielectric surface, and the accompanying self-organized normal electric field drives the electrons away from the dielectric surface. Because the pressure of background gas of interest in this work is higher than the critical pressure corresponding to the maximum ionization rate (about 10 Torr), the ionization rate decreases monotonically with pressure increasing, resulting in a slower development of breakdown. The accuracy of the particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision model is confirmed by comparing the simulated values of breakdown time with experimental data. This work provides an important theoretical basis for understanding and controlling the breakdown on the gas side of dielectric window. The following figure (a) shows that the mean electron energy under the variable macro-particle weight agrees well with that under the constant macro-particle weight at about 100 Torr. The following figure (b) shows that when the plasma density is increased by a factor of 10⁸, the breakdown process can be considered by using the particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision model and a two-in-one macro-particle merging method.

Keywords:

gas breakdown /
dielectric surface /
high-power microwave /
particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision model /
macro-particle merging method

Authors and contacts

Shu Pan-Pan¹,
Zhao Peng-Cheng²

Corresponding author: Zhao Peng-Cheng, pczhao@xidian.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2023-JC-YB-512, 2023-JC-YB-042).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]

Cited By

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

类型	碰撞表达式	反应阈值/eV
弹性散射	e + Ar → e + Ar
激发	e + Ar → e + Ar^*	11.5
电离	e + Ar → e + Ar⁺ + e	15.6
电荷交换	Ar + Ar⁺ → Ar⁺ + Ar
弹性散射	Ar + Ar⁺ → Ar + Ar⁺

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]

[1]	Yang Yu-Sen, Wang Lin, Gou De-Zhi, Tang Zheng-Ming. Electromagnetic characteristics of waveguide model of plasma-photon crystal array structure. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(24): 245201. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20241300
[2]	Shu Pan-Pan, Zhao Peng-Cheng, Wang Rui. Electromagnetic particle simulation of secondary electron multipactor characteristics in inner surface of 110 GHz microwave output window. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(9): 095202. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222235
[3]	Huang Hua, Wu Yang, Liu Zhen-Bang, Yuan Huan, He Hu, Li Le-Le, Li Zheng-Hong, Jin Xiao, Ma Hong-Ge. Review on high power microwave device with locked frequency and phase. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(8): 088402. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172684
[4]	Zuo Chun-Yan, Gao Fei, Dai Zhong-Ling, Wang You-Nian. PIC/MCC simulation of breakdown dynamics inside high power microwave output window. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(22): 225201. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181260
[5]	Wei Jin-Jin, Zhou Dong-Fang, Yu Dao-Jie, Hu Tao, Hou De-Ting, Zhang De-Wei, Lei Xue, Hu Jun-Jie. Seed electron production from O- detachment in high power microwave air breakdown. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(5): 055202. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.055202
[6]	Tang Tao. Numerical validation study of high power microwave soil breakdown. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(4): 045203. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.045203
[7]	Zhou Qian-Hong, Dong Ye, Dong Zhi-Wei, Zhou Hai-Jing. Theoretical study of the microwave air breakdown at dielectric surface. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(8): 085201. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.085201
[8]	Song Wei, Shao Hao, Zhang Zhi-Qiang, Huang Hui-Jun, Li Jia-Wei, Wang Kang-Yi, Jing Hong, Liu Ying-Jun, Cui Xin-Hong. High power microwave propagation properties in radio frequency breakdown plasma. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(6): 064101. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.064101
[9]	Dong Ye, Dong Zhi-Wei, Zhou Qian-Hong, Yang Wen-Yuan, Zhou Hai-Jing. Particle-in-cell simulation on effect of outgassing on flashover and breakdown on dielectric surface in high-power microwave environment. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(2): 027901. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.027901
[10]	Ma Zhen-Yang, Chai Chang-Chun, Ren Xing-Rong, Yang Yin-Tang, Qiao Li-Ping, Shi Chun-Lei. The damage effect and mechanism of the bipolar transistor induced by different types of high power microwaves. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(12): 128501. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.128501
[11]	Zhou Dong-Fang, Yu Dao-Jie, Yang Jian-Hong, Hou De-Ting, Xia Wei, Hu Tao, Lin Jing-Yu, Rao Yu-Ping, Wei Jin-Jin, Zhang De-Wei, Wang Li-Ping. Theoretical and experimental investigation of air breakdown on single high power microwave based on the mixed-atmosphere propagation model. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(1): 014207. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.014207
[12]	Fang Jin-Yong, Huang Hui-Jun, Zang Zhi-Qiang, Huang Wen-Hua, Jiang Wei-Hua. High power microwave pulse compression systembased on cylindrical resonant cavity. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(4): 048404. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.048404
[13]	Wu Yang, Xu Zhou, Xu Yong, Jin Xiao, Chang An-Bi, Li Zheng-Hong, Huang Hua, Liu Zhong, Luo Xiong, Ma Qiao-Sheng, Tang Chuan-Xiang. Experimental study on a high power microwave amplifier driven by low rf power. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(4): 044102. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.044102
[14]	Wang Gan-Ping, Xiang Fei, Tan Jie, Cao Shao-Yun, Luo Min, Kang Qiang, Chang An-Bi. Investigation in discharge progress of a long pulse high power microwave-driven source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(7): 072901. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.072901
[15]	Yang Chao, Liu Da-Gang, Zhou Jun, Liao Chen, Peng Kai, Liu Sheng-Gang. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation studies on a new radial three-cavity coaxial virtual cathode oscillator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(8): 084102. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.084102
[16]	Cai Li-Bing, Wang Jian-Guo. Numerical simulation of outgassing in the breakdown on dielectric surface irradiated by high power microwave. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(2): 025217. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.025217
[17]	Li Guo-Lin, Shu Ting, Yuan Cheng-Wei, Zhang Jun, Jin Zhen-Xing, Yang Jian-Hua, Zhong Hui-Huang, Yang Jie, Wu Da-Peng. Preliminary investigation on the design and experiment of a spatial filter for dual band high power microwave. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(12): 8591-8596. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.8591
[18]	Cai Li-Bing, Wang Jian-Guo. Effects of the microwave magnetic field and oblique incident microwave on multipactor discharge on a dielectric surface. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(2): 1143-1147. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.1143
[19]	Cai Li-Bing, Wang Jian-Guo. Numerical simulation of the breakdown on HPM dielectric surface. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(5): 3268-3273. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.3268
[20]	Li Zheng-Hong, Meng Fan-Bao, Chang An-Bi, Huang Hua, Ma Qiao-Sheng. Investigation of bitron as a high power microwave oscillator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(8): 3578-3583. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.3578

Catalog

Vol. 73, Issue 23 - 2024-12-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 509
PDF Downloads: 22
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Zhao Peng-Cheng, pczhao@xidian.edu.cn

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About

Search

Article

留言板

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Zhao Peng-Cheng, pczhao@xidian.edu.cn

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Publishing process

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About