Zhang Xue-Song; Fan Zhen-Zhong; Tong Qi-Lei; Fu Yuan-Feng

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20241105

Abstract

This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the process of nanobubble gradual indentation and eventual collapse. The research primarily focuses on the mechanisms by which impact velocity and bubble size influence the dynamic characteristics of nanobubble collapse. The results indicate that nanobubble collapse generally proceeds through three stages. Initially, there is a compression phase of water molecules surrounding the bubble, followed by a phase where the shock wave disrupts the stable structure of the liquid film, and finally, the complete collapse of the bubble. At higher impact velocities, smaller bubbles collapse more rapidly due to stronger shock effects. Post-collapse, a high-speed jet forms a protrusion on the right end of the velocity contour. The degree of protrusion increases with bubble size and impact velocity. Water molecules converge towards the bubble center, forming vortex structures above and below the bubble, effectively enhancing internal mass transfer. As bubble size and impact velocity increase, the density around the bubble gradually rises, reaching approximately 1.5 g/cm³ in localized areas upon complete collapse. When the bubble system decays to half its original size, a water hammer effect occurs. This effect becomes more pronounced with increasing bubble size and impact velocity. For a nanobubble structure with u_p = 3.0 km/s and D = 10 nm, the local pressure formed by the water hammer impact of the jet after collapse can reach 30 GPa.

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Corresponding author: Fan Zhen-Zhong, fanzhenzhong@163.com

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DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

type	ε/(kcal·mol^–1)	σ/Å	q/e
O	3.166	0.15535	–0.8476
H	0	0	0.4238

DownLoad: CSV

u_p/(km·s^–1)	u_s1	u_s2	u_s3	u_exp	u_sim	ε/%
1.0	3.21	3.26	3.17	3.57	3.61	9.8
1.5	4.06	4.14	4.16	4.40	4.30	6.4
2.0	5.07	5.06	5.16	5.25	5.18	2.9
2.5	5.89	5.93	5.99	5.93	5.51	0.6

DownLoad: CSV

粒子速度 u_p/(km·s^–1)	气泡尺寸 D/nm	气泡破裂时间 τ/ps
粒子速度 u_p/(km·s^–1)	气泡尺寸 D/nm	MD	Rayleigh	差值
1.0	8	3.3	3.8	0.5
	10	4.2	4.7	0.3
	12	4.6	5.7	1.0
1.5	8	2.2	2.5	0.3
	10	2.7	3.1	0.4
	12	3.4	3.7	0.3
2.0	8	1.8	2.1	0.3
	10	2.2	2.3	0.1
	12	2.6	2.8	0.2
2.5	8	1.4	1.5	0.1
	10	1.9	1.8	0.1
	12	2.1	2.2	0.1
3.0	8	1.2	1.1	0.1
	10	1.6	1.4	0.2
	12	1.9	1.7	0.2

DownLoad: CSV

粒子速度u_p/(km·s^–1)	冲击速度u_s/(km·s^–1)	冲击压力 P_s/GPa
粒子速度u_p/(km·s^–1)	冲击速度u_s/(km·s^–1)	MD	Rankine– Hugoniot	差值
1.0	3.22	3.09	3.20	0.11
1.5	4.12	6.16	6.18	0.02
2.0	5.09	10.19	10.18	0.01
2.5	5.93	14.96	14.82	0.14
3.0	6.80	20.63	20.40	0.23

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 73, Issue 20 - 2024-10-20

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