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Most of the existing metropolitan quantum networks are implemented based on a single quantum key distribution protocol, and interconnecting metropolitan quantum networks implemented by different protocols are the development trend of large-scale quantum networks, but there are still some problems in the provision of inter-domain key services , such as low possibility of and mismatch between key supply and demand. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes two on-demand inter-domain key service provisioning strategies for multi-domain cross-protocol quantum networks, namely, on-demand provisioning strategy based on BB84 bypass first (BB84-BF) and on-demand provisioning strategy based on MDI bypass first (MDI-BF). Meanwhile, a service provisioning model for multi-domain cross-protocol quantum networks is constructed, and an on-demand inter-domain key service provisioning algorithm is designed. Moreover, numerical simulations and performance evaluation are carried out under two scenarios: high key rate demand and low key rate demand for two-domain and three-domain quantum network topologies. Simulation results verify that the proposed on-demand provisioning strategies have better applicability to different multi-domain quantum networks. In addition, for different key rate requirements, the MDI-BF strategy and BB84-BF strategys have different performance advantages under different performance indicators, For example, in terms of the success possibility of inter-domain key service requests, the MDI-BF strategy is more suitable for the low key rate requirements (~30% higher than the traditional strategies in two domain topologies), while the BB84-BF strategy is more suitable for the high key rate requirements (~19% higher than the traditional strategies under two domain topologies). In addition, compared with the traditional strategies, the proposed on-demand provisioning strategies can increase the balance between key supply and demand by more than one order of magnitude. Hence, the proposed strategies can reduce the cost of inter-domain key service provisioning and improve the realistic security level.
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Keywords:
- multi-domain quantum networks/
- quantum key distribution/
- cross-protocol/
- key service provisioning
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输入:$G\left( {V, E} \right)$, ${V_{\text{B}}}$, ${V_{\text{M}}}$, ${V_{{\text{BJ}}}}$, ${V_{{\text{MJ}}}}$, $R$ 输出:每个成功的域间密钥业务的密钥中继路径${p_r}\left( {{N_{{p_r}}}, {L_{{p_r}}}, {B_{{p_r}}}, {m_{{p_r}}}} \right)$, ${R_{\text{S}}}$ 1 初始化变量${R_{\text{S}}} \leftarrow \emptyset $; 2 for每个域间密钥业务请求$r\left( {{s_r}, {d_r}, {k_r}, {t_r}} \right) \in R$do 3 更新全网各节点设备占用状态; 4 如果源宿节点没有可用的QKD设备, 则该业务失败; 5 if执行BB84-BF策略then 6 for${v_i} \in {V_{{\text{MJ}}}}$do 7 if${\lambda _{{v_i}}} < 2$then 8 将${v_i}$从$V$中移除并更新$E$; 9 end if 10 end for 11 end if 12 基于K短路径算法计算源宿节点间的K条备选密钥中继路径, 路径集合为${P_r}$; 13 if${P_r} = \emptyset $then 14 域间密钥业务请求r失败; 15 end if 16 for每条密钥中继路径${p_r}\left( {{N_{{p_r}}}, {L_{{p_r}}}, {B_{{p_r}}}, {m_{{p_r}}}} \right) \in {P_r}$do 17 ${N_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow $${p_r}$经过的QKD节点集合, ${L_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow $${p_r}$经过的QKD链路集合, ${B_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow \emptyset $, ${m_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow {p_r}$的密钥供应
速率;18 for$n_{{p_r}}^i \in {N_{{p_r}}}$do 19 if执行MDI-BF策略 && $n_{{p_r}}^i \in {V_{{\text{MJ}}}}$then 20 ${B_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow \{ {B_{{p_r}}}, n_{{p_r}}^i\} $; 21 end if 22 if$n_{{p_r}}^i \in {V_{\text{B}}}$ && $n_{{p_r}}^i \ne {d_r}$ && $n_{{p_r}}^i \ne {s_r}$ && (${\lambda _{n_{{p_r}}^i}} = 0$ || $ {\varepsilon _{n_{{p_r}}^i}} = 0 $)then 23 ${B_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow \{ {B_{{p_r}}}, n_{{p_r}}^i\} $; 24 end if 25 end for 26 ${m_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow $根据更新后的密钥中继路径重新计算${m_{{p_r}}}$; 27 if${m_{{p_r}}} < {k_r}$then 28 continue; 29 else 30 for$n_{{p_r}}^i \in {N_{{p_r}}}$do 31 if旁路$n_{{p_r}}^i$后密钥中继路径密钥供应速率$ \geqslant {k_r}$then 32 ${B_{{p_r}}} \leftarrow \{ {B_{{p_r}}}, n_{{p_r}}^i\} $, 更新${m_{{p_r}}}$; 33 end if 34 end for 35 将${p_r}$作为域间密钥业务r的最终密钥中继路径, ${R_{\text{S}}} \leftarrow \left\{ {{R_{\text{S}}}, r} \right\}$; 36 break; 37 end if 38 end for 39 如果${P_r}$中没有满足密钥率需求的密钥中继路径, 则该业务失败; 40 end for 41 return每个成功的域间密钥业务的密钥中继路径${p_r}\left( {{N_{{p_r}}}, {L_{{p_r}}}, {B_{{p_r}}}, {m_{{p_r}}}} \right)$, ${R_{\text{S}}}$ 
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