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Due to its unique characteristics, metal tungsten has been selected as the wall material for the tokamak magnetic confinement fusion device. The wall material directly interacts with the plasma for a long time, thus causing tungsten atoms and ions to be sputtered and ionized into different charge states, which then enter the tokamak device as plasma impurities. To ensure stable plasma combustion conditions, highly complex model is currently being used to evaluate the behavior of tungsten impurities and their influence on the tokamak plasma. This requires various high-precision atomic data for tungsten atoms and different ionized states of tungsten ions. Electron collision ionization, as a fundamental atomic physical process, is widely encountered in laboratory and astrophysical plasma environments. The parameters such as electron collision ionization cross-sections and rate coefficients are crucial for plasma radiation transport simulations and state diagnostics. Electron-impact single-ionization (EISI) cross sections of the ground state and metastable state for W 6+ions are calculated by using the level-to-level distorted-wave (LLDW) method. The contributions of direct ionization (DI) cross section and excited autoionization (EA) cross section to the total EISI cross section are primarily considered. Comparison of our calculation results with the experimental data from Stenke et al. (Stenke M, Aichele K, Harthiramani D, Hofmann G, Steidl M, Volpel R, Salzborn E 1995 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 282711 ) reveals that the EISI cross section considering only the ground state is significantly smaller than the experimental result. Therefore, it is imperative to take into account the contribution from the metastable state. To determine the fraction of ions in long-lived energy levels within the parent ion beam, three models are employed.Our results, which include the contribution of metastable states, accord well with the experimental results of Stenke et al. Compared with the theoretical calculation result of Pindzola et al. our calculaiton provides a more comprehensive understanding of the electron-impact single-ionization process for W 6+ions. The comparison is illustrated in the attached figure. -
Keywords:
- tungsten ions/
- electron-impact/
- metastable states/
- direct ionization/
- excited autoionization
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] -
Configuration Index Level J Energy/eV Lifetimes/s Configuration Index Level J Energy/eV Lifetimes/s 5p6 0 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{4} $ 0 0 — 30 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 78.81 8.70×10–1 4f135d1 1 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 36.18 2.63×10–1 31 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 79.10 4.12×10–1 2 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 37.44 2.11×10–1 32 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 89.54 7.15×10–5 3 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 4 37.72 3.38×10–1 33 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 89.61 7.18×10–5 4 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 6 37.98 6.19×10–2 34 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 89.70 7.00×10–5 5 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 38.29 2.59×10–2 35 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 90.00 6.78×10–5 6 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 38.78 1.26×10–2 4f135f1 36 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 1 75.70 1.23×10+2 7 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 38.94 2.03×10–2 37 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 75.72 1.48×10+1 8 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 5 39.10 2.75×10–2 38 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 6 75.77 1.92×10+4 9 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 39.22 1.10×10–2 39 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 75.91 4.47×10+1 10 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 0 39.41 8.02×10–2 40 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 76.12 4.60×10+2 11 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 39.53 5.97×10–3 41 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 4 76.13 6.76×10+1 12 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 40.23 5.14×10–2 42 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 5 76.17 2.11×10+1 13 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 5 40.52 4.06×10–3 43 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 76.18 2.97 14 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 40.79 4.96×10–3 44 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 5 76.20 2.95×10+1 15 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 41.23 4.39×10–3 45 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 6 76.22 1.67×10+1 16 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 41.37 4.69×10–3 46 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 76.26 6.77×10+1 5p55d1 17 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 1 39.18 3.16×10+1 47 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{7}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 0 76.81 3.36×10–2 18 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 40.64 5.40×10–1 48 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 1 77.73 1.31×10–2 19 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 40.69 1.17×10–2 49 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 1 78.01 1.19×10–2 20 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 4 40.88 3.15 50 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 5 78.03 1.10×10–2 21 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 41.76 1.11×10–2 51 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 6 78.11 1.06×10–2 22 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 43.18 7.07×10–3 52 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 78.16 1.11×10–2 23 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 51.40 4.05×10–5 53 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 78.31 1.07×10–2 24 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 2 52.83 4.30×10–5 54 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 78.40 1.10×10–2 25 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{-}^{1}5{{\mathrm{d}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 53.44 3.42×10–5 55 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 78.44 9.91×10–3 5p55f1 26 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 2 77.81 2.43 56 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 4 78.47 1.07×10–2 27 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 4 78.11 1.75×10+1 57 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 4 78.50 1.04×10–2 28 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 3 78.31 1.13 58 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{+}^{1} $ 5 78.50 1.06×10–2 29 $ 5{{\mathrm{p}}}_{+}^{3}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 3 78.70 9.02×10–1 59 $ 4{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{5}5{{\mathrm{f}}}_{-}^{1} $ 0 86.47 3.52×10–4 
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(Model 1)/eVEnergy range
(Model 2)/eV[0, 118] [118, 1000] [0, 118] [118, 1000] 5p6 0 0.35 0 0.31 4f135d1 0.40 0.10 0.35 0.10 5p55d1 0.40 0.11 0.35 0.12 5p55f1 0.10 0.22 0.15 0.23 4f135f1 0.10 0.22 0.15 0.24 DownLoad:
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Level index Energy range/eV Level index Energy range/eV [0, 118] [118, 1000] [0, 118] [118, 1000] 0 0 0.31000 30 0.00800 0.02300 1 0.04468 0.00625 31 0.00800 0.02300 2 0.04468 0.00625 32 0.00800 0.02300 3 0.04468 0.00625 33 0.00800 0.02300 4 0.04468 0.00625 34 0.00800 0.02300 5 0.04469 0.00625 35 0.00800 0.02300 6 0.04469 0.00625 36 0.00333 0.01000 7 0.04469 0.00625 37 0.00333 0.01000 8 0.04469 0.00625 38 0.00333 0.01000 9 0.04469 0.00625 39 0.00333 0.01000 10 0.04469 0.00625 40 0.00333 0.01000 11 0.04469 0.00625 41 0.00333 0.01000 12 0.04469 0.00625 42 0.00333 0.01000 13 0.04469 0.00625 43 0.00333 0.01000 14 0.04469 0.00625 44 0.00333 0.01000 15 0.04469 0.00625 45 0.00333 0.01000 16 0.04469 0.00625 46 0.00333 0.01000 17 0.13880 0.01333 47 0.00333 0.01000 18 0.13890 0.01333 48 0.00333 0.01000 19 0.13890 0.01333 49 0.00333 0.01000 20 0.13890 0.01333 50 0.00333 0.01000 21 0.13890 0.01333 51 0.00333 0.01000 22 0.13890 0.01333 52 0.00334 0.01000 23 0.13890 0.01334 53 0.00334 0.01000 24 0.13890 0.01334 54 0.00334 0.01000 25 0.13890 0.01334 55 0.00334 0.01000 26 0.00800 0.02300 56 0.00334 0.01000 27 0.00800 0.02300 57 0.00334 0.01000 28 0.00800 0.02300 58 0.00334 0.01000 29 0.00800 0.02300 59 0.00334 0.01000 DownLoad:
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[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31]
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