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Abstract

The large electric dipole moment of the Rydberg atom allows for strong coupling with weak electric fields, and is widely used in electric field measurements because of its reproducibility, precision and stability. The combination of Rydberg atoms and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) technology has been used for detecting and characterizing radio-frequency (RF) electric fields. In this work, by selecting probe light (852 nm), dressed light (1470 nm), and coupled light (780 nm), the Rydberg state (49 P _3/2) of Cs atom is prepared by using a three-photon excitation scheme through using all-infrared light excitation of Rydberg atoms. We experimentally observe the EIT spectra of the Rydberg states decorated by radio-frequency electric fields, which optically detects Rydberg atoms. The effect of the amplitude and frequency of the RF electric field on the spectrum is explored in light of changes in the EIT spectrum. The results show that in the region of weak electric field, only the ac Stark energy shift and spectral broadening occur. As the electric field is further enhanced, the sideband phenomenon occurs in both the primary peak and secondary peak of the EIT. In the region of strong field, the Rydberg energy level produces a series of Floquet states with higher-order terms, as well as state shifting and mixing, resulting in asymmetry in the spectra of the EIT sideband peaks. The effect of frequency on the shielding effect of the Cs vapor cell is further discussed based on the shift of the main peak of the EIT. The demodulation of the electric field in a range of 50 Hz–1 kHz with a fidelity of 95% is achieved by modulating the low-frequency electric field to the RF electric field. The results can provide valuable references for spectral detection and traceable measurements of low-frequency electric fields.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Liu Bang,lb2016wu@mail.ustc.edu.cn; Ding Dong-Sheng,dds@ustc.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1404002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U20A20218, 61525504, 61435011), the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 202203a13010001), and the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 2022AH051888).

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Cs原子直流极化率α/(Hz·V^–2·m^–2)
Rydberg 态	49P_1/2, \|m_j\|=1/2	49P_3/2, \|m_j\|=1/2	49P_3/2, \|m_j\|=3/2
极化率α: dc	74979.842	107095.687	89150.196

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拟合参数	频率
拟合参数	50 Hz	100 Hz	500 Hz	1000 Hz
振幅/V	0.0153 ± 0.0001	0.0182 ± 0.0001	0.0188 ± 0.0002	0.0173 ± 0.0001
频率/Hz	49.78 ± 0.09	100.18 ± 0.08	500.01 ± 0.09	1000.02 ± 0.07
R²(COD)	0.94356	0.95435	0.93143	0.9554

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Vol. 73, Issue 11 - 2024-06-05

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