The saturated pool boiling heat transfer on a conical structure surface under the action of an electric field is numerically investigated by using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) model coupled with an electric field model. A comparison study of boiling heat transfer phenomenon smooth surface and conical surface without the action of an electric field is first conducted in order to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of the electric field effect on boiling heat transfer on the conical structure surface. It is discovered that the conical structure has more active nucleation sites during the nucleate boiling regime, improving the boiling heat transfer efficiency and enhancing the critical heat flux (CHF). However, in the transition boiling stage and film boiling stage, the conical structure increases the flow resistance of the fluid on the fin surface, hindering heat transfer between the vapor and liquid and producing lower heat transfer performance than smooth surface. Based on the aforementioned findings, the boiling heat transmission on the conical structure surface is enhanced by applying an electric field. Numerical results indicate that the effect of the electric field on the boiling heat transfer performance on the conical structure surface is related to the boiling regime. In the earlier stage of the nucleation boiling regime, when an electric field is present, the onset time of bubble nucleation is slightly delayed, bubble size decreases a little, and boiling is slightly suppressed. However, the combination effect of electric field and conical structure, especially the tip effect, prevents the spread and diffusion of dry areas on the heating surface, thereby enhancing boiling heat transfer in the fully developed nucleate boiling stage. The tip effect grows more evidently in the transition boiling regime and film boiling regime, and increasing electric field intensity causes boiling to continue in the nucleate boiling regime at a higher superheat level. As a result, boiling heat transfer performance is greatly improved, and CHF steadily rises.