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Abstract

In this paper, the effect of pre-ionization on the small-gap and large-gap direct-current glow discharge at atmospheric pressure are investigated based on a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model. For both the discharges, the results show that with the enhancement of pre-ionization, the charged particle distribution gradually shifts toward the cathode along the discharge direction, making the cathode fall zone shrink continuously. The width of the positive column region, negative glow space, and cathode fall zone continuously extend along the vertical discharge direction, and the distribution of electron density and ion density are more uniform. For the electric field, with the enhancement of pre-ionization, the longitudinalal component distribution of the electric field in the cathode fall zone gradually contracts toward the cathode, and the overall electric field near the cathode decreases and becomes more uniformly distributed. The transverse component distribution of the electric field gradually decreases and shrinks toward the wall. The overall electron temperature in the discharge space decreases with the enhancement of the pre-ionization level, and the electron temperature distribution in the cathode fall zone gradually shrinks toward the cathode. In addition, the overall potential of the discharge space also decreases. The introduction of pre-ionization significantly reduces the maintaining voltage and discharge power of the direct-current glow discharge. Furthermore, the potential drop in the small-gap discharge is always concentrated in the cathode fall zone as the pre-ionization increases, while the potential drop in the large-gap discharge is gradually shifted from the cathode fall zone to the positive column region. This simulation shows that the pre-ionization not only effectively enhances the discharge uniformity, but also largely reduces the maintaining voltage and energy consumption of the direct-current glow discharge. This work is an important guideline for further optimizing the electrode configuration and the operating parameters of the plasma source.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Tang Jie,tangjie@opt.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52177166, 51877210) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2020JM-309).

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No.	Reaction	Rate constant/ (cm^–3·s^–1)	Ref.
1	e+He → e+He	f(E/N)	[31]
2	e+He → e+He^*	f(E/N)	[32]
3	e+He → 2e+He⁺	f(E/N)	[32]
4	2e+He⁺→ He^*+e	7.1$ \times $10^–20a)	[32]
5	2e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → 2He+e	2.0$ \times $10^–20a)	[32]
6	2e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → He+He^*+e	2.8$ \times $10^–20a)	[33]
7	e+He+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → 3He	2.0$ \times $10^–27a)	[33]
8	e+He^*→ 2e+He⁺	1.28$ \times $10^–7$ {T}_{{\mathrm{e}}}^{0.6} $ exp(–4.78/$ {T}_{{\mathrm{e}}} $)	[33]
9	e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → He^*+He	1$ \times $10^–8	[33]
10	He^*+e → He+e	2$ \times $10^–10	[33]
11	2e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → 2He^*+e	6.18$ \times $10^–39$ {T}_{{\mathrm{e}}}^{4.4} $^a)	[33]
12	e+He+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → He^*+2He	5.0$ \times $10^–27a)	[35]
13	e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → $ {\text{He}}_{2}^{\text{*}} $	5.0$ \times $10^–16	[35]
14	e+He+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → $ {\text{He}}_{2}^{\text{*}} $+He	5.0$ \times $10^–27a)	[35]
15	e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{\text{*}} $ → 2e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $	3.8$ \times $10^–9	[36]
16	e+He+ He⁺→ He^*+He	1.0$ \times $10^–27a)	[36]
17	2e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $ → $ {\text{He}}_{2}^{\text{*}} $+e	7.1$ \times $10^–20a)	[35]
18	2He+He⁺→ He+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $	6.5$ \times $10^–32a)	[32]
19	He^*+He → 2He+$ h\nu $	6.0$ \times $10^–15	[32]
20	He^+He^→ e+$ {\text{He}}_{2}^{+} $	2.0$ \times $10^–9	[34]
21	He^+He^→ e+He+He⁺	2.9$ \times $10^–9	[35]
^a)Rate constant is in cm⁶·s^–1.

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Vol. 73, Issue 1 - 2024-01-05

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