Dual-mode up/down-conversion optical thermometry of Pr3+-regulated Li0.9K0.1NbO3:Er3+ phosphors

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Abstract

Photothermal sensing is crucial in developing smart wearable devices. However, designing and synthesizing luminescent materials with suitable multi-wavelength emission and constructing multiple sets of probes in a single material system is a huge challenge for constructing sensitive temperature sensors with a wide temperature range. In this paper, Pr ³⁺, Er ³⁺single-doped and double-doped Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃phosphors are successfully prepared by high temperature solid phase method, and their structures, morphologies, excitation wavelengths and temperature-dependent fluorescence properties are characterized by XRD, SEM, fluorescence spectrometer and self-made heating device. Firstly, the photoluminescences of the synthesized series of samples are investigated. The results show that comparing with the single-doped Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃: Er ³⁺sample, the up/down-conversion spectra of Pr ³⁺, Er ³⁺co-doped phosphors under 808 nm/380 nm excitation show that the green fluorescence emission of Er ³⁺is enhanced. In addition, under 980 nm excitation, Pr ³⁺can effectively regulate the fluorescence energy level population pathway, so that the electrons are more effectively arranged in the ²H _11/2and ⁴S _3/2energy levels in the excitation process. The red emission is weakened and the green emission is enhanced, which improves the signal resolution of the fluorescent material and has a significant influence on the optical temperature measurement. Secondly, the up-conversion fluorescence property of Er ³⁺under 808 nm/980 nm laser excitation in Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Er ³⁺and Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Pr ³⁺,Er ³⁺phosphors are investigated. The results show that the red and green fluorescence emissions of Er ³⁺are two-photon processes. Finally, the up/down-conversion dual-mode temperature sensing properties of Er ³⁺in Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Er ³⁺and Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Pr ³⁺, Er ³⁺phosphors are investigated. It is found that both materials have good optical temperature measurement performances. The Pr ³⁺doping optimizes the dual-mode optical temperature measurement performances of Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Er ³⁺phosphors derived from the thermal coupling energy level of Er ³⁺ions. In addition, the up/down-conversion fluorescence mechanism of Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Er ³⁺and Li _0.9K _0.1NbO ₃:Er ³⁺, Pr ³⁺phosphors are proposed, and the enhanced green fluorescence by Pr ³⁺co-doping is attributed to the energy transfer from Pr ³⁺ions to Er ³⁺ions, leading to the increase of green fluorescence level population and the decrease of red fluorescence level population of the Er ³⁺ions. This new dual-mode optical temperature measurement material provides a material basis and optical temperature measurement technology for exploring other temperature measurement materials.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Gao Dang-Li,gaodangli@163.com

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604253, 51672208), the Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2022TD-34), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 300102120101).

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Materials	Wavelength/nm	S_r-Max/(10^–2K^–1)	S_a-Max/(10^–2K^–1)	References
SrSnO₃:Er	975 nm	0.997(294 K)	0.791(368 K)	[30]
BaBiNb₂O₉:Er	980 nm	0.959(300 K)	0.996(483 K)	[36]
La₂CaZnO₅:Er	378 nm	1.454(300 K)	—	[31]
Sr₂Gd₈(SiO₄)₆O₂:Er	379 nm	—	0.34(463 K)	[32]
Ca₃Bi(PO₄)₃:Er	376 nm	1.21(300 K)	0.312(473 K)	[33]
La₂Mo₂O₉:Er	980 nm	1.16(293 K)	0.527(493 K)	[37]
(K, Na)NbO₃:Er	980 nm 375 nm	0.96(303 K) 16.17(80 K)	0.28(433 K) 0.37(280 K)	[38]
Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉:Er	808 nm 980 nm	1.4(303 K) 1.38(303 K)	0.62(573 K) 0.61(573 K)	[13]
Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Er	380 nm 808 nm 980 nm	0.97(303 K) 1.286(297 K) 1.221(297 K)	0.44(463 K) 0.89(443 K) 0.81(443 K)	This work

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Materials	Wavelength/nm	S_r-Max/(10^–2K^–1)	S_a-Max/(10^–2K^–1)	References
La₂MgGeO₆:Bi, Er	980 nm	1.23(293 K)	0.94(473 K)	[39]
K₃Gd(PO₄)₂:Yb, Er, Tm	980 nm	1.35(300 K)	0.456(608 K)	[40]
NaLuF₄:Er, Tm	1532 nm	1.265(293 K)	0.4(519 K)	[41]
BiVO₄:Er, Tm	980 nm	1.1(293 K)	0.7(473 K)	[42]
BiVO₄:Er, Tm	1550 nm	1.1(293 K)	0.56(453 K)	[42]
Y₂SiO₅:Er, Tm	808 nm	0.395(298 K)	—	[29]
KYb(MoO₄)₂:Er, Gd	980 nm	1.1(303 K)	0.97(513 K)	[25]
KYb(MoO₄)₂:Er, La		1.1(303 K)	0.95(513 K)
KYb(MoO₄)₂:Er, Y		1.11(303 K)	0.91(513 K)
Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr, Er	380 nm	1.12(296 K)	0.54(434 K)	This work
	808 nm	1.284(296 K)	1.12(443 K)
	980 nm	1.106(296 K)	0.83(443 K)

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Vol. 72, Issue 24 - 2023-12-20

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