In this paper, the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically by using the high-resolution Roe scheme based on the two-dimensional unsteady Euler equation, which is caused by the interaction between shock wave and the helium circular light gas cylinder with different component distributions. The numerical results are used to further discuss the deformation process of the gas cylinder and the wave structure of the flow field, and also to quantitatively analyze the characteristic dimensions (length, height and central axial width) of the gas cylinder, the time-dependent volume compression ratio of the cylinder. In addition, the flow mechanism of shock-driven interface gas mixing is analyzed from multiple perspectives by combining the flow field pressure, velocity, circulation and gas mixing rate. Then the effects of different initial component distribution conditions on interface instability are investigated. The results show that when the diffusion interface transforms into the sharp interface, the reflection coefficient gradually increases on both sides of interface. When the incident shock wave interacts with the cylinder, the transmission of the shock wave will transform from conventional transmission into unconventional transmission. At the same time, the reflected shock wave is gradually strengthened and the transmitted shock wave is gradually weakened, which leads the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability to be strengthened. Moreover, the Atwood numbers on both sides of the interface also increase as the diffusion interface transforms into the sharp interface, which leads the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability to be strengthened. Therefore, the increase of instability will cause the circulation to increase, resulting in the increase of the growth rate of gas mixing rate.