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Photochromic material, as an adaptive smart material, has a wide range of applications in smart windows, photoelectric sensors, optical storage, etc. Oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydride (REH xO y) film, a new type of photochromic material, has attracted the attention of researchers for its efficient and reversible color-changing properties, simple and reproducible preparation methods, and fast darkening-bleaching time. In this paper we review the current research status of structural composition, color change mechanism, and property modulation of oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydride films. Exposure to visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light can lead the optical transmission of visible and infrared (IR) light to degrade. The photochromic mechanisms can be grouped into four mechanisms: lattice contraction mechanism, oxygen exchange mechanism, local metal phase change, and hydrogen migration mechanism. Currently, performance can be tuned by controlling film morphology, designing chemical components, improving substrate adaptation, multilayer film structure design, etc. Finally, the future research focus of thin film is prospected.
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Keywords:
- photochromic materials/
- REHxOythin film/
- structural composition/
- mechanism/
- property modulation
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Type of the material Name of material Photochromism principle Method of bleaching Color change Organic Diarylethenes Photocyclization reaction Expose to visible light Colorless → red Fulgide Photochemical conrotatory Expose to visible light Pale yellow → red Spriopyran Hetetolytic cleavage/photocyclization Expose to visible light/heating Colorless → purple Naphthopyarn Hetetolytic cleavage/photocyclization Removing UV Colorless → gray Inorganic TMOs WO3 Photon prompted redox reaction Removing UV Colorless → blue TiO2 Photon prompted redox reaction Removing UV and
exposing to airFaint yellow → black MoO3 Intercalation-deintercalation of univalent cations Removing UV White → blue Metal halides Lead chloride [Pb3Cl6(CV)]H2O]n Light-triggered electron transfer Removing UV/
anneal in airPale yellow → blue AgCl Light-triggered reversible decomposition Removing UV Transparent → brown 
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[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56]
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