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Abstract

Ti ₂AlC and Ti ₃AlC formed by the reaction between C and TiAl alloy can improve the plasticity and strength of TiAl alloy respectively. Generally, the peritectic reaction of L + TiC→Ti ₂AlC (Ti ₃AlC) occurs in the process of liquid-phase sintering, but different formation mechanisms of Ti ₂AlC and Ti ₃AlC may exist in the solid-state sintering. In this work, multilayer graphene is employed to fabricate the reaction interface with TiAl alloy under 1100–1350 ℃, which is the common solid-state sintering temperature of TiAl alloy. According to the microstructure characterization and analysis, Ti ₂AlC and Ti ₃AlC are verified to contain no TiC. The interface energy values of TiC/TiAl, Ti ₂AlC/TiAl and Ti ₃AlC/TiAl are calculated to be about 1.2, 0.87 and 0.39 J·m ², respectively, indicating that Ti ₂AlC and Ti ₃AlC can be formed directly without TiC mesophase. Besides, only Ti ₂AlC is observed to be formed at 1150–1250 ℃, while the interface products at 1250–1350 ℃ change into Ti ₃AlC with a small amount of Ti ₂AlC. The mechanism that the sintering temperature affects the formation tendency of Ti ₂AlC and Ti ₃AlC can be ascribed to the content of α phase. The TiAl alloy matrix is composed of γ and a few α phases at 1150–1250℃, but almost completely transforms into α phase at 1250–1350 ℃, and the increase in the α content can promote the formation of Ti ₃AlC. The above results demonstrate the possibility of regulating the relative content of Ti ₂AlC and Ti ₃AlC through controlling the sintering temperature, which provides a promising method to improve the plasticity and strength of TiAl alloy.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Mi Guang-Bao,guangbao.mi@biam.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U2141222) and the Innovation Fund of AECC, China (Grant No. CXPT-2018-36).

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References

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化合物	摩尔生成自由能 ${\varDelta _{\text{f} } }G_{\text{m} }$/(kJ·mol^–1)
TiAl₃	0.06522T– 289.37
TiAl	0.02224T– 91.078
Ti₃Al	0.01678T– 109.75
TiC	0.01522T– 189.07
Ti₂AlC	0.03045T– 387.13
Ti₃AlC	0.1208T– 583.45

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摩尔反应自由能	温度/℃
摩尔反应自由能	1150	1250
$ \Delta {G_1} $	–3.72	–3.69
$ \Delta {G_2} $	–5.52	–5.50
$ \Delta {G_3} $	–6.88	–6.68

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序号	晶体	空间群	晶格常数
a	TiAl	${ { {{Pm} }\bar 3 m} }$	a=b= 4.0051 Å,c= 4.0707 Å
b	Ti₃Al	${{P63/mmc} }$	a=b= 5.764 Å,c= 4.664 Å
c	TiC	${ { {{Fm} }\bar 3 m} }$	a=b=c= 4.328 Å
d	Ti₃AlC	${ { {{Pm} }\bar 3 m} }$	a=b=c= 4.156 Å
e	Ti₂AlC	${{P63/mmc} }$	a=b= 3.063 Å,c= 13.668 Å

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相	TiAl	Ti₃Al	TiC	Ti₂AlC	Ti₃AlC
弹性模量 G/GPa	70	56	182	115	83
泊松比ν	0.23	0.28	0.228	0.164	0.25
线膨胀系数 α/10^–6	12—14.5	12—14.5	7.74	9.62	10.1

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温度/ ℃	$ {\sigma _{{\text{γ /TiC}}}} $/ (J·m²)	$ {\sigma _{{\text{γ /H}}}} $/ (J·m²)	$ {\sigma _{{\text{α /H}}}} $/ (J·m²)	$ {\sigma _{{\text{γ /P}}}} $/ (J·m²)	$ {\sigma _{^{{\text{α /P}}}}} $/ (J·m²)
1150	1.243	0.879	0.831	0.396	0.308
1200	1.230	0.872	0.827	0.390	0.303
1250	1.223	0.868	0.821	0.385	0.288
1300	1.220	0.866	0.819	0.384	0.288
1350	1.217	0.864	0.819	0.383	0.287

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界面反应产物	反应式	1150 ℃总能量变化$ \Delta E $/$ {\text{J}} $	1250 ℃总能量变化$ \Delta E $/$ {\text{J}} $
TiC	(1)	–2.477S	–2.467S
Ti₂AlC	(2)	–4.641S	–4.632S
Ti₃AlC	(3)	–6.572S	–6.392S

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Vol. 71, Issue 19 - 2022-10-05

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