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Abstract

In order to obtain the maximum characteristic intensities of the up-conversion luminescence in GdTaO ₄:RE/Yb(RE = Tm, Er) series, we establish the regression equation between the luminescent intensity of the phosphors and the rare earth doping concentration upon the 980 nm laser excitation based on the experimental optimization design. The Tm ³⁺/Yb ³⁺doping samples are combined with the uniform design and quadratic general rotation combination design, meanwhile the Er ³⁺/Yb ³⁺doping samples are optimized by the uniform design and cubic orthogonal phosphor step by step. The relationship between concentration and luminous intensity is analyzed. The results show that the changes of concentration of RE ³⁺(RE = Tm, Er) and Yb ³⁺can exert a significant effect on luminous intensity, and there exist extreme points of luminescent intensity in the test space. By solving the regression equation, we obtain the optimal doping concentration. The optimal samples are also prepared by the high-temperature solid state method. The XRD diffraction patterns of the optimal samples are analyzed. The results show that the samples are of pure phase, the doping of Li ⁺flux will inhibit the generation of reaction impurity phase, and the doping of rare earth will shift the diffraction peak to a high angle, with the peak shape remaining unchanged. The relationship between excitation power and luminescent intensity is analyzed. The results show that the blue light emission of Tm ³⁺/Yb ³⁺co-doped phosphor is a three-photon process, and the green light emission of Er ³⁺/Yb ³⁺co-coped phosphor is a two-photon process. The relationship between sample temperature and luminescent intensity is analyzed. The luminescent intensity of the sample decreases with the increase of the temperature, indicating temperature quenching. Finally, the quenching activated energy of the sample is calculated.

Keywords:

up-conversion/
quadratic general rotary unitized design/
orthogonal polynomial regression design/
GdTaO₄:RE/Yb(RE = Tm/
Er)

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Sun Jia-Shi,sunjs@dlmu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52071048, 11774042), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Granted, China (Grant No. IOSKL2019KF06), the High-level Personnel in Dalian Innovation Support Program, China (Grant No. 2019RQ072), the Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Dalian Maritime University, China (Grant No. YJG2021515), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 3132022194, 3132021200, 3132019338).

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References

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Cited By

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

No.	Factors		${y_{\rm{b\_int} } }$/(arb. units)
No.	Tm³⁺/mol%	Yb³⁺/mol%	${y_{\rm{b\_int} } }$/(arb. units)
1	1 (0.1)	4 (6.25)	14548.3
2	2 (0.9625)	8 (13.25)	40832.1
3	3 (1.825)	3 (4.5)	16268.4
4	4 (2.6875)	7 (11.5)	27236.0
5	5 (3.55)	2 (2.75)	7918.2
6	6 (4.4125)	6 (9.75)	10844.0
7	7 (5.275)	1 (1)	2176.0
8	8 (6.1375)	5 (8)	7370.5
9	9 (7)	9 (15)	7673.2

DownLoad: CSV

No.	Factors		${y_{\rm{g\_int}}}$/(arb. units)
No.	Er³⁺/mol%	Yb³⁺/mol%	${y_{\rm{g\_int}}}$/(arb. units)
1	1 (1)	7 (32)	2615.08
2	2 (3.9)	3 (14)	65415.60
3	3 (6.8)	10 (45.5)	13779.16
4	4 (9.7)	6 (27.5)	67919.49
5	5 (12.6)	2 (9.5)	53751.00
6	6 (15.5)	9 (41)	27765.73
7	7 (18.4)	5 (23)	60404.28
8	8 (21.3)	1 (5)	27232.45
9	9 (24.2)	8 (36.5)	25725.90
10	10 (27.1)	4 (18.5)	45363.83
11	11 (30)	11 (50)	5775.05

DownLoad: CSV

x_j(z_j)	z₁	z₂
x_j(z_j)	Tm³⁺/mol%	Yb³⁺/mol%
$ r({z_{2 j}}) $	0.4	20
$ 1({z_{0 j}} + {\Delta _j}) $	0.3444	18.5361
$ 0({z_{0 j}}) $	0.21	15
$ - 1({z_{0 j}} - {\Delta _j}) $	0.0756	11.4639
$ - r({z_{1 j}}) $	0.02	10
$ {\Delta _j} = ({{{z_{2 j}} - {z_{1 j}}}})/{{2 r}} $	0.1344	3.5361
$ {x_j} = \dfrac{{{z_j} - {z_{0 j}}}}{{{\Delta _j}}} $	$ {x_1} = \dfrac{{{z_1} - 0.21}}{{0.1344}} $	$ {x_2} = \dfrac{{{z_2} - 15}}{{3.5361}} $

DownLoad: CSV

No.	Factors						${y_{\rm{b\_int}} }$/ (arb. units)
No.	$ {x_0} $	$ {x_1}({z_1}) $	$ {x_2}({z_2}) $	$ {x_1}{x_2} $	$ x_1^2 $	$ x_2^2 $	${y_{\rm{b\_int}} }$/ (arb. units)
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	103074.268
2	1	1	–1	–1	1	1	82246.127
3	1	–1	1	–1	1	1	52874.380
4	1	–1	–1	1	1	1	59604.598
5	1	r	0	0	r²	0	99703.531
6	1	–r	0	0	r²	0	52894.450
7	1	0	r	0	0	r²	102782.281
8	1	0	–r	0	0	r²	92052.066
9	1	0	0	0	0	0	91641.231
10	1	0	0	0	0	0	119721.420
11	1	0	0	0	0	0	107477.062
12	1	0	0	0	0	0	102883.388
13	1	0	0	0	0	0	100900.284

DownLoad: CSV

No.	scheme		ψ₀	X₁ (z₁)	X₂ (z₁)	X₃ (z₁)	X₁ (z₂)	X₂ (z₂)	X₃ (z₂)	X₁X₁ (z₁z₂)	${y_{\rm{g\_int}} }$/ (arb. unit)
No.	$ {z_1} $	$ {z_2} $	ψ₀	X₁ (z₁)	X₂ (z₁)	X₃ (z₁)	X₁ (z₂)	X₂ (z₂)	X₃ (z₂)	X₁X₁ (z₁z₂)	${y_{\rm{g\_int}} }$/ (arb. unit)
1	5	12	1	–1	1	–1	–3	1	–1	3	38813.91
2	5	16.33	1	–1	1	–1	–1	–1	3	1	43767.25
3	5	20.67	1	–1	1	–1	1	–1	–3	–1	39883.01
4	5	25	1	–1	1	–1	3	1	1	–3	34969.53
5	7.33	12	1	0	–2	3	–3	1	–1	0	49578.38
6	7.33	16.33	1	0	–2	3	–1	–1	3	0	62691.10
7	7.33	20.67	1	0	–2	3	1	–1	–3	0	56730.83
8	7.33	25	1	0	–2	3	3	1	1	0	49814.24
9	9.67	12	1	1	1	–3	–3	1	–1	–3	39812.41
10	9.67	16.33	1	1	1	–3	–1	–1	3	–1	52462.51
11	9.67	20.67	1	1	1	–3	1	–1	–3	1	50272.68
12	9.67	25	1	1	1	–3	3	1	1	3	38264.82
13	12	12	1	3	1	1	–3	1	–1	3	54874.82
14	12	16.33	1	3	1	1	–1	–1	3	–9	56897.90
15	12	20.67	1	3	1	1	1	–1	–3	3	50154.07
16	12	25	1	3	1	1	3	1	1	9	48139.09
17	7.33	16.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	61723.89
18	7.33	16.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	58839.98
19	7.33	16.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	64899.02
20	7.33	16.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	63139.10

DownLoad: CSV

计算项目	偏差平方和	自由度	$ {F}_{比} $	显著性 α
$ {S}_{回} $	4995616451.05	5	10.72	0.01
$ {S_{\text{R}}} $	652160821.93	7
${S_{\rm{lf}} }$	230690012.89	3	0.73	0.01
${S_{\text{e} } }$	421470809.04	4
$ {S}_{总} $	5647777272.99	12

DownLoad: CSV

计算项目	偏差平方和	自由度	${{F} }_{\text{比} }$	显著性 $ \text{α} $
$ {S}_{回} $	900041174.40	7	12.06	0.01
$ {S_{\text{R}}} $	85273837.77	8
${S_{\rm e } }$	20165233.95	3	0.38	0.01
$ {S}_{总} $	985315012.10	15
$ {\widehat y_0} $	61434.84
$ {\overline y _0} $	63027.40

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 71, Issue 16 - 2022-08-20

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