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Abstract

In this work, we first introduce the specific steps of a quantum-secure direct communication scheme that sends a single photon at a time. Based on the basic steps of the scheme, it is gradually extended to a quantum secure direct communication scheme that transmits single-photon sequences twice and four times, with emphasis on the coding rules corresponding to each scheme. The purpose is that through the above scheme, it can be intuitively seen in the subsequent efficiency analysis that with the increase of the number of transmissions, the classification of single photons can be increased, and the encoding capacity of each single photon and the transmission efficiency of quantum states in the entire communication can be greatly improved. Finally, a universal scheme and coding rules for quantum secure direct communication by sending single photons in an integer power of 2 are proposed, and after security analysis the scheme proves to be safe and feasible. Through the efficiency analysis, the communication efficiency of this scheme is higher than that of the existing scheme, and the implementation of this scheme only uses a single photon, does not involve with quantum entanglement, and this scheme has more application values.

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Corresponding author:Zhao Ning,1720277914@qq.com

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DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

信息序列	量子态	信息序列	量子态
00	$ \left\| 0 \right\rangle $	10	$ \left\| + \right\rangle $
11	$ \left\| 1 \right\rangle $	01	$ \left\| - \right\rangle $

DownLoad: CSV

信息序列	量子态	信息序列	量子态
000	$ \left\| {{0_1}} \right\rangle $	001	$ \left\| {{0_2}} \right\rangle $
111	$ \left\| {{1_1}} \right\rangle $	110	$ \left\| {{1_2}} \right\rangle $
011	$ \left\| {{ + _1}} \right\rangle $	010	$ \left\| {{ + _2}} \right\rangle $
100	$ \left\| {{ - _1}} \right\rangle $	101	$ \left\| {{ - _2}} \right\rangle $

DownLoad: CSV

信息序列	量子态	信息序列	量子态
0000	$ \left\| {{0_1}} \right\rangle $	1000	$ \left\| {{0_3}} \right\rangle $
1111	$ \left\| {{1_1}} \right\rangle $	0111	$ \left\| {{1_3}} \right\rangle $
0001	$ \left\| {{ + _1}} \right\rangle $	0011	$ \left\| {{ + _3}} \right\rangle $
1110	$ \left\| {{ - _1}} \right\rangle $	1100	$ \left\| {{ - _3}} \right\rangle $
0010	$ \left\| {{0_2}} \right\rangle $	0101	$ \left\| {{0_4}} \right\rangle $
1101	$ \left\| {{1_2}} \right\rangle $	1010	$ \left\| {{1_4}} \right\rangle $
0100	$ \left\| {{ + _2}} \right\rangle $	1001	$ \left\| {{ + _4}} \right\rangle $
1011	$ \left\| {{ - _2}} \right\rangle $	0110	$ \left\| {{ - _4}} \right\rangle $

DownLoad: CSV

信息序列	量子态	$ \cdots $	信息序列	量子态
$ \overbrace {0 \cdots 0}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{0_1}} \right\rangle $	$ \cdots $	$ \overbrace {0 \cdots 10}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{0_n}} \right\rangle $
$ \overbrace {1 \cdots 1}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{1_1}} \right\rangle $	$ \cdots $	$ \overbrace {1 \cdots 01}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{1_n}} \right\rangle $
$ \overbrace {0 \cdots 1}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{ + _1}} \right\rangle $	$ \cdots $	$ \overbrace {0 \cdots 11}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{ + _n}} \right\rangle $
$ \overbrace {1 \cdots 0}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{ - _1}} \right\rangle $	$ \cdots $	$ \overbrace {1 \cdots 00}^{{{\log }_2}\left( {4 n} \right)} $	$ \left\| {{ - _n}} \right\rangle $

DownLoad: CSV

QSDC通信协议	传输效率	量子比特率	编码容量
邓富国Two-Step^[11]	1	1	1 qubit: 2 bit
权东晓基于单光子单向^[12]	0.5	1	1 qubit: 1 bit
曹正文基于单光子与Bell态结合^[13]	2	1	1 qubit: 3 bit
基于单光子与GHZ态结合^[16]	2	1	1 qubit: 4 bit
基于单光子与n粒子GHZ态结合^[17]	2	1	1 qubit: (1+n)bit
王剑基于纠缠交换^[18]	1	1	1 qubit: 2 bit
单次发送单光子	2	1	1 qubit: 2 bit
分两次发送单光子	3	1	1 qubit: 3 bit
分4次发送单光子	4	1	1 qubit: 4 bit
分n(n是2的整数次幂)次发送单光子	$ {\text{lo}}{{\text{g}}_2}\left( {4 n} \right) $	1	1 qubit: $ {\text{lo}}{{\text{g}}_2}\left( {4 n} \right) $bit

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 71, Issue 15 - 2022-08-05

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