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Abstract

There are numerous applications of terahertz (THz) waves in biomedicine due to their properties that can be absorbed strongly by water in biological systems and resonant with biological macromolecules and weak interactions among them in the biological systems. Though there is no direct ionization damage to the biological tissues due to their low photon energy, the THz waves can give rise to a series of biological effects on the biological cells and tissues with the increase of the intensity of the THz beam. Different irradiation conditions such as the different parameters of the THz waves and the different biological systems will result in different biological effects, including mainly the thermal effects and non-thermal effects. In this paper, we discuss first the physical mechanisms of these two kinds of effects, then introduce the existing main THz sources suitable for studying the biological effects, and summarize the typical biological effects in detail and the research progress in this field. Finally we prospect the potential applications and challenges of the THz wave biological effects.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Peng Xiao-Yu,xypeng@cigit.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0701000) and the NSAF Joint Fund, China (Grant No. U2030119).

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Vol. 70, Issue 24 - 2021-12-20

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