To examine the single-photon quantum radar cross-section of cylindrical surfaces and its specific advantages compared with the classical radar cross-sections, this study introduces a photon wave function in which the distance vectors causing interference are decomposed. A closed-form expression of the single-photon quantum radar cross-section of cylindrical surfaces was derived. The influence of the length and curvature radius of cylindrical surfaces with different electrical sizes was analyzed, and the closed-form expressions of the quantum and classical radar cross-sections of cylindrical surfaces were compared. The analysis of the closed-form expression and simulation results show that the electrical length of the cylindrical surface determines the number of side lobes of the quantum radar cross-section; meanwhile, the curvature radius has a linear relationship with the overall strength of the quantum radar cross-section, and the electrical size of the curvature radius determines the envelope of the quantum radar cross-section curve. Compared with the classical radar cross-section, the quantum radar cross-section of a cylindrical surface has the advantage of side-lobe enhancement, which is beneficial for detecting stealth targets.