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Abstract

Superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) plays a significant role in plenty of fields such as quantum information, deep space laser communication and lidar, while the mechanism of the photon response process still lacks a recognized theory. It is prerequisite and essential for fabricating high-performance SNSPD to understand in depth and clarify the photon response mechanism of the SNSPD. As mature theories on the SNSPD response progress, hot-spot model and vortex-based model both have their disadvantages: in the former there exists the cut-off wavelength and in the later there is the size effect, so they both need further improving. The Cut-off wavelength means that the detection efficiency of the SNSPD drops to zero with the increase of light wavelength, which is indicated by the hot-spot model but not yet observed in experiment. The size effect implies that the vortex does not exist in the weak link with the width less than 4.41 ξ, where ξis the GL coherence length. Phase slip is responsible for the intrinsic dissipation of superconductors, which promises to expound the SNSPD photon response progress and to establish a complete theory. This paper reviews and discusses the fundamental conception, the development history and the research progress of the hot-spot models, i.e. the vortex-based model and the superconductor phase slips, providing a reference for studying the SNSPD photon response mechanism.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Zhang La-Bao,lzhang@nju.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12033002, 62071218, 61521001, 62071214, 61801206, 11227904), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2020B0303020001), the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. BK20200060), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals, China, the Qing Lan Project and the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Manipulating Technique of Electromagnetic Waves, China.

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Cited By

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模型名称	基本内容	适用范围	特点	不足
热点模型	纳米线吸收光子形成热点, 热点在电流作用下长大, 破坏超导电性	适用于光子波长较短、能量较强的情况	唯象模型, 基于热力学, 理论体系完备	存在截止波长, 但是在实验上并未发现
涡旋模型	光子入射形成涡旋或者VAP, 涡旋穿越纳米线, 破坏超导电性	适用于光子波长较长、能量较弱的情况	基于电磁学理论, 发展较为成熟	存在尺寸效应: 一般认为, 宽度小于4.41ξ的弱连接中不存在涡旋
相位滑移模型	光子入射使相位滑移事件大量发生, 破坏了纳米线的超导电性	从短波到长波光子均适用	基于量子力学, 能解释宽光谱、窄线条的光子响应	发展较晚, 还未形成完备的理论体系

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Vol. 70, Issue 19 - 2021-10-05

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