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Abstract

The precise measurement of the infrared transition of hydrogen-deuterium (HD) molecule is used to test quantum electrodynamics and determine the proton-to-electron mass ratio. The saturated absorption spectrum of the R(1) line in the first overtone (2–0) band of HD molecule has been measured by the comb locked cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) method in Hefei [Tao L G, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120153001 ], and also by the noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) method in Amsterdam [Cozijn F M J, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120153002 ]. However, there is a significant difference between the line center positions obtained in these two studies. Later the discrepancy was found to be due to unexpected asymmetry in the line shape of the saturated absorption spectrum of the HD molecule. A possible reason is the superposition of multiple hyperfine splitting peaks in the saturated spectrum. However, this model strongly depends on the population transfer caused by intermolecular collisions, which is a lack of experimental and theoretical support. In this paper, the hyperfine structures of the ro-vibrational transition of HD are calculated in the coupled and uncoupled representations. The hyperfine structures of the R(0), P(1) and R(1) lines in the (2–0) band of HD molecule under different external magnetic fields are calculated. The corresponding spectral structures at a temperature of 10 K are simulated. The results show that the transition structure of HD molecule changes significantly with the externally applied magnetic field. The frequency shift of each hyperfine transition line also increases with the intensity of external magnetic field increasing. When the intensity of the external magnetic field is sufficiently high, the hyperfine lines are clearly divided into two branches, and they can be completely separated from each other. Because the dynamic effect of intermolecular collision and the energy level population transfer are very sensitive to the energy level structure, the comparison between experiment and theory will help us to analyze the mechanism of the observed special profiles. It will allow us to obtain accurate frequencies of these transitions, which can be used for testing the fundamental physics.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Hu Shui-Ming,smhu@ustc.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB21020100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21688102)

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	跃迁线	0 G		100 G		300 G		1000 G
	跃迁线	频率偏移/kHz	相对强度	频率偏移/kHz	相对强度	频率偏移/kHz	相对强度	频率偏移/kHz	相对强度
Δm= + 1	a→A	–56.3	0.3333	–106.9	0.3333	–208.0	0.3333	–561.9	0.3333
	b1→B1	–56.3	0.0000	–100.6	0.1800	–216.4	0.1157	–656.9	0.0197
	b1→B2	–1.4	0.2922	–33.3	0.1533	–146.5	0.2176	–516.3	0.3136
	b1→B3	53.3	0.0411	323.4	0.0000	940.3	0.0000	3108.3	0.0000
	b2→B1	–56.3	0.2000	–461.0	0.0019	–1297.6	0.0003	–4261.1	0.0000
	b2→B2	–1.4	0.0164	–393.7	0.0018	–1227.7	0.0001	–4120.5	0.0000
	b2→B3	53.3	0.1169	–37.0	0.3297	–141.0	0.3329	–495.9	0.3333
	c1→C1	–114.1	0.1439	–165.4	0.1619	–286.0	0.1273	–776.7	0.0315
	c1→C2	–56.3	0.0000	–93.4	0.0640	–222.5	0.0372	–699.2	0.0029
	c1→C3	–1.4	0.0974	–2.2	0.1070	–129.5	0.1688	–528.6	0.2990
	c1→C4	53.3	0.0137	298.6	0.0000	893.3	0.0000	2972.7	0.0000
	c1→C5	179.3	0.0783	432.1	0.0004	1032.2	0.0000	3181.2	0.0000
	c2→C1	–114.1	0.0196	–525.8	0.0018	–1367.3	0.0004	–4380.9	0.0000
	c2→C2	–56.3	0.1000	–453.8	0.0025	–1303.8	0.0002	–4303.5	0.0000
	c2→C3	–1.4	0.0219	–362.6	0.0015	–1210.8	0.0003	–4132.8	0.0000
	c2→C4	53.3	0.1559	–61.9	0.1248	–188.0	0.0859	–631.6	0.0292
	c2→C5	179.3	0.0360	71.7	0.2028	–49.1	0.2465	–423.0	0.3040
	d→D1	–114.1	0.0587	–445.7	0.0018	–1309.3	0.0001	–4366.4	0.0000
	d→D2	–56.3	0.0333	–353.7	0.0170	–1198.0	0.0018	–4198.3	0.0002
	d→D3	–1.4	0.0164	–163.3	0.0232	–321.7	0.0236	–867.0	0.0083
	d→D4	53.3	0.1169	–84.8	0.0197	–223.8	0.0063	–690.0	0.0002
	d→D5	179.3	0.1079	45.6	0.2716	–73.9	0.3015	–442.1	0.3247
Δm=–1	a→C1	–114.1	0.0587	–34.7	0.0616	106.1	0.0884	530.4	0.2835
	a→C2	–56.3	0.0333	37.3	0.0446	169.6	0.0865	607.9	0.0249
	a→C3	–1.4	0.0164	128.5	0.2139	262.6	0.1567	778.5	0.0248
	a→C4	53.3	0.1169	429.2	0.0046	1285.4	0.0006	4279.8	0.0001
	a→C5	179.3	0.1079	562.8	0.0086	1424.3	0.0011	4488.3	0.0001
	b1→D1	–114.1	0.1439	45.5	0.1473	164.2	0.1950	545.0	0.2888
	b1→D2	–56.3	0.0000	137.5	0.1648	275.5	0.1368	713.1	0.0444
	b1→D3	–1.4	0.0974	327.9	0.0085	1151.7	0.0003	4044.4	0.0000
	b1→D4	53.3	0.0137	406.4	0.0081	1249.6	0.0008	4221.4	0.0001
	b1→D5	179.3	0.0783	536.8	0.0045	1399.5	0.0004	4469.3	0.0000
	b2→D1	–114.1	0.0196	–314.9	0.0001	–917.1	0.0000	–3059.2	0.0000
	b2→D2	–56.3	0.1000	–222.9	0.0021	–805.8	0.0000	–2891.1	0.0000
	b2→D3	–1.4	0.0219	–32.5	0.2496	70.4	0.2653	440.2	0.3123
	b2→D4	53.3	0.1559	46.0	0.0372	168.4	0.0383	617.2	0.0125
	b2→D5	179.3	0.0360	176.4	0.0442	318.3	0.0297	865.2	0.0085
	c1→E1	–56.3	0.0000	55.2	0.3291	159.4	0.3329	514.4	0.3333
	c1→E2	–1.4	0.2922	375.0	0.0019	1201.0	0.0001	4084.7	0.0000
	c1→E3	53.3	0.0411	452.7	0.0023	1297.2	0.0003	4269.7	0.0000
	c2→E1	–56.3	0.2000	–305.3	0.0003	–921.9	0.0000	–3089.9	0.0000
	c2→E2	–1.4	0.0164	14.6	0.2593	119.7	0.2884	480.5	0.3223
	c2→E3	53.3	0.1169	92.3	0.0737	215.9	0.0450	665.5	0.0110
	d→F	–56.3	0.3333	–5.8	0.3333	95.3	0.3333	449.3	0.3333

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Vol. 70, Issue 17 - 2021-09-05

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