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Abstract

Cryogenic X-ray spectrometers are advantageous in the spectrum research for weak and diffusive X-ray source due to their high energy resolution, high detection efficiency, low noise level and non-dead-layer properties. Their energy resolution independent of the incident X-ray direction also makes them competitive in diffusion source detection. The requirements for X-ray spectrometers have heightened in recent years with the rapid development of large scientific facilities where X-ray detection is demanded, including beamline endstations in synchrotron and X-ray free electron laser facilities, accelerators, highly charged ion traps, X-ray space satellites, etc. Because of their excellent performances, cryogenic X-ray detectors are introduced into these facilities, typical examples of which are APS, NSLS, LCLS-II, Spring-8, SSNL, ATHENA, HUBS. In this paper, we review the cryogenic X-ray spectrometers, from the working principle and classification, system structure, major performance characteristics to the research status and trend in large scientific facilities in the world.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Liu Zhi,liuzhi@shanghaitech.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the Special Fund for Research on National Major Research Instrument and Facilities of the National Natural Science Fundation of China (Grant No. 11927805), the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12005134, 11803014), and the Shanghai Pujiang Program, China (Grant No. 20PJ1410900)

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Cited By

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Detector	Resolution $E_{\rm{FWHM}}$/eV	Count rate /cps	Efficiency (O)	P/B ratio
Ge (typical)	130	$3\times 10^5$	0.1	50∶1
Ge (best)	60	$3\times 10^4$	0.003	200∶1
STJ (typical)	20	$10^5$	$10^{-4}$	200∶1
STJ (best)	10	$10^6$	$10^{-3}$	1000∶1
Grating (typical)	0.5	$10^5$	$10^{-6}$	200∶1
Grating (best)	0.2	$10^6$	$10^{-5}$	1000∶1
Grating (best)	0.2	$10^6$	$3\times 10^{-4}$	200∶1

DownLoad: CSV

参数	设计指标	备注
能量范围/keV	0.2—12
能量分辨率	2.5 eV@7 keV
FOV/arcmin	5
像素尺寸/arcsc	< 5
单像素计数率/cps	0.25	保证80%的事例优于设计能量分辨率
非X射线背景/(cps·cm^-2)	$5^{-3}$

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 70, Issue 18 - 2021-09-20

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