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Abstract

The recently discovered two-dimensional magnetic materials have attracted tremendous attention and become a cutting-edge research topic due to their long-range magnetic ordering at a single-unit-cell thickness, which not only provide an ideal platform for studying the magnetism in the two-dimensional limit and other novel physical effects, but also open up a new way to develop low-power spintronics/magnetic storage devices. In this review, first, we introduce the crystal structures, magnetic structures and magnetic properties of various recently discovered intrinsic two-dimensional magnetic materials. Second, we discuss the research progress of controlling the magnetic properties of two-dimensional magnetic materials by magnetic field, electric field, electrostatic doping, ion intercalation, stacking, strain, interface, etc. Finally, we give a perspective of possible research directions of the two-dimensional magnetic materials. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the origin and mechanism of magnetism of the two-dimensional magnetic materials as well as the study of the relationship between magnetic properties and microstructures are of great significance in exploring a magnetic material with a substantially high Curie temperature (Néel temperature), and designing multifunctional new concept devices.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Wang Yi-Lin,yilinwang@email.sdu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 92065206) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2020MA071)

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材料类别	材料	磁耦合	磁转变温度T_N/T_c	描述模型	带隙/eV	参考文献
过渡金属卤化物	CrCl₃	A-type AFM	1L: 10 K/T_c 2L: 16 K/T_N Bulk: 17 K/T_N	//XY	3.0	[44,46,47]
	CrBr₃	FM	1L: 27 K/T_c 2L: 36 K/T_c Bulk: 37 K/T_c	⊥between Isingand Heisenberg	2.2	[44,45,47]
	CrI₃	A-type AFM/Few L	1L: 45 K/T_c 2L: 45 K/T_N Few L: 46 K/T_N	⊥Ising	1.2	[44,45,47,48]
	CrI₃	FM/Bulk	Bulk: 61 K/T_c	⊥Ising	1.2	[44,45,47,48]
	1T-FeCl₂	A-type AFM/Bulk	Bulk: 24 K/T_N	⊥		[44]
	1T-FeCl₂	FM/1L	1L: 109 K/T_c	⊥Heisenberg	Semimetal	[55]
	1T-FeBr₂	A-type AFM/Bulk	Bulk: 14 K/T_N	⊥		[44]
	1T-FeBr₂	FM/1L	1L: 81 K/T_c	⊥Heisenberg	Semimetal	[55]
	1T-FeI₂	Intralayer AF-stripy/Bulk	Bulk: 9 K/T_N	⊥		[44]
	1T-FeI₂	FM/1L	1L: 42 K/T_c	⊥Heisenberg	Semimetal	[55]
	1T-CoCl₂	AFM/Bulk	Bulk: 25 K/T_N	//		[44]
	1T-CoCl₂	FM/1L	1L: 85 K/T_c	Heisenberg		[55]
	1T-CoBr₂	A-type AFM/Bulk	Bulk: 19 K/T_N	//		[44]
	1T-CoBr₂	FM/1L	1L: 23 K/T_c	Heisenberg		[55]
	1T-CoI₂	AFM	Bulk: 11 K/T_N			[44]
	NiI₂	A-type AFM	2.0 nm: 35 K/T_N Bulk: 75 K/T_N		1.11/1L 1.23/Bulk	[29]
过渡金属硫化物	CrSe^#	FM	Bulk: 280 K/T_c			[21]
	CrTe₂^#	FM	Bulk: 310 K/T_c		0	[97]
	CrTe	FM	11 nm: 140 K/T_c 45 nm: 205 K/T_c	⊥	0	[19]
	Cr₂Te₃	FM	5 nm: 280 K/T_c 40.3 nm: 170 K/T_c	⊥	0	[57]
	FeTe (hexagonal)	FM	4 nm: 170 K/T_c Bulk: 220 K/T_c	Heisenberg		[20]
	${\rm MnSe}_x{}^*$	FM/1L	1L: > 300 K/T_c	⊥	3.39	[61]
	${\rm MnSe}_x{}^*$	AFM/Bulk		⊥	3.39	[61]
	1T-VSe₂^*	FM/1L	1L: > 300 K (470 K)/T_c	//	0	[22,60]
	2H-VSe₂	A-type AFM		//	Semimetal	[98]
	V₅S₈	FM/3.2 nm	3.2 nm: 2 K/T_c	⊥	0	[99]
	V₅S₈	AFM/Bulk	Bulk: 32 K/T_N	⊥	0	[99]
	FeTe (tetragonal)	AFM-Néel	5 nm: 45 K/T_N Bulk: 70 K/T_N	Heisenberg		[20]
	Cr₂S₃	FM	15 nm: 120 K/T_c 45 nm: 300 K/T_c			[59]
	Cr₂O₃^#	AFM	Bulk: 307 K/T_N	⊥	3.5	[100,101]
过渡金属磷化合物	FePS₃	Intralayer AF-zigzag, interlayer FM	1L: 118 K/T_N Bulk: 118 K/T_N	⊥Ising	1.5	[30,65,72]
	NiPS₃	Intralayer AF-zigzag, interlayer FM	2L: 130 K/T_N Bulk: 150 K/T_N	// XY	1.6	[31,65,67]
	MnPS₃	Intralayer AF-Néel, interlayer FM	Bulk: 78 K/T_N	// Heisenberg	2.4	[65,68,71]
	CoPS₃	Intralayer AF-zigzag, interlayer FM	Bulk: 120 K/T_N	// XY		[66]
	MnPSe₃	Intralayer AF-zigzag, interlayer FM	5L: 70 K/T_N Bulk: 70 K/T_N	// XY	2.3	[32]
	FePSe₃^#	Intralayer AF-zigzag, interlayer FM	Bulk: 119 K/T_N	⊥Ising	1.3	[73,74]
	CrPS₄	A-type AFM	Bulk: 36 K/T_N	⊥	1.3	[75,76,102]
	CrPS₄	FM/1L	1L: 50 K/T_c	⊥	2.28	[77]
过渡金属锗碲化合物	Cr₂Si₂Te₆	FM	1L: 80 K/T_c Bulk: 31 K/T_c	⊥Ising	1.2	[80,81,103]
	Cr₂Ge₂Te₆	FM	2L: 28 K/T_c 3L: 35 K/T_c Bulk: 61 K/T_c	⊥Heisenberg	0.45	[17,80]
	Fe₃GeTe₂	FM	1L (onAl₂O₃): 20 K/T_c 1L (on Au): 130 K/T_c Bulk: 220—230 K/T_c	⊥Ising	0	[38,82]
	Fe₅GeTe₂	FM	12 nm: 270—300 K/T_c Bulk: 310 K/T_c	⊥	0	[26]
过渡金属铋碲化合物	MnBi₂Te₄	A-type AFM	3SL: 18 K/T_N 4SL: 21 K/T_N Bulk: 25 K/T_N	⊥Heisenberg		[84,85]
	MnBi₄Te₇	A-type AFM	Bulk: 13 K/T_N	⊥		[89]
	MnBi₆Te₁₀	A-type AFM	Bulk: 11 K/T_N	⊥		[89]
	VBi₂Te₄	A-type AFM		//		[90,104]
	NiBi₂Te₄	A-type AFM		//		[90]
	EuBi₂Te₄	A-type AFM		//		[90]
过渡金属氧卤化物	FeOCl	AFM	2.0—2.4 nm: 14 K/T_N Bulk: 84—92 K/T_N			[34]
	CrOCl	FM/1L	1L: 160 K/T_c	⊥Ising	2.38	[91]
	CrOCl	AFM	Bulk: 13.5 K/T_N	⊥	2.31	[96]
	CrSBr	FM/1L	1L: 160 K/T_c	//Heisenberg	0.757	[93]
	CrSCl	FM/1L	1L: 150 K/T_c	// Heisenberg	0.856	[93]
	CrSI	FM/1L	1L: 170 K/T_c	// Heisenberg	0.473	[93]
注: 绿色背底表示为实验中发现的铁磁材料, 橙色背底表示为实验中发现的反铁磁材料, 灰色背底表示为理论预测的铁磁或反铁磁材料; 上标^#为体相材料, 其单层磁性在实验中还未发现; 上标为磁性是否为本征磁性尚未确定的磁性材料; ⊥表示易磁化轴垂直于平面(ab), ∥表示易磁化轴平行于平面(ab)*.

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Vol. 70, Issue 12 - 2021-06-20

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