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Abstract

High-brightness broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum sources are highly demanded for many applications such as remote sensing, environmental monitoring, manufacturing industry, medical surgery and thermal imaging. For fulfilling these applications, high average power output is required. Compared with all other mid-infrared glass fibers, chalcogenide glass fiber possesses low phonon energy, long wavelength transmission edge, and high Kerr nonlinearity, thereby becoming a uniquely ideal nonlinear optical material for generating broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum. Unfortunately, due to weak chemical bonds forming the glass network, the commonly used As-S chalcogenide glass has a relatively low laser damage threshold. Thus from the material aspect, it limits high power yielded from a chalcogenide fiber based mid-infrared supercontinuum source. A chalcogenide glass host with enhanced laser damage threshold is therefore needed for further power scaling up of such a mid-infrared fiber supercontinuum. In this work, we introduce germanium into a traditional As-S glass system. The laser damage threshold of Ge-As-S glass is investigated systematically. A 3.6-μm femtosecond laser is employed as an excitation source. The relationship between the laser damage threshold and the glass composition indicates that of the studied Ge-As-S chalcogenide glasses, stoichiometric Ge _0.25As _0.1S _0.65glass possesses the highest laser damage threshold. In the following fiber design and fabrication, the optimized stoichiometric Ge _0.25As _0.1S _0.65glass therefore is chosen as a core material of the designed fiber, while a compatible Ge _0.26As _0.08S _0.66glass is selected as a cladding material. A step-index nonlinear fiber with a core diameter of 15 μm is fabricated by the traditional rod-in-tube method. The numerical aperture and the background loss of the fabricated Ge _0.25As _0.1S _0.65/Ge _0.26As _0.08S _0.66fiber are ~0.24 and < 2 dB/m, respectively. Broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum is generated in the fiber by using an anomalous-dispersion pumping scheme. A 4.8-μm femtosecond laser with a pulse duration of 170 femtosecond and a repetition rate of 100 kHz is adopted as a pump source. The guidance of the fundamental mode is confirmed under low pump power level. With the increase of the pump power, the supercontinuum shows to be significantly broadened. Broadband supercontinuum ranging from 2.5 μm to 7.5 μm is generated in an only 10-cm-long fiber, when the maximum coupled pump power is 15 mW, equivalent to a peak power of 882 kW. The power output of the supercontinuum is 5.5 mW. All in all, the results indicate that the Ge-As-S chalcogenide glass fiber is a promising nonlinear medium for broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum sources with high brightness.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Feng Xian,xianfeng@jsnu.edu.cn; Yang Zhi-Yong,yangzhiyong@jsnu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61805109, 61575086), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20170229), and the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 18KJB180004)

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Composition	d_S/at. %	I_th/GW·cm^–2
Ge_0.1As_0.1S_0.8	45	462
Ge_0.15As_0.1S_0.75	30	498
Ge_0.1As_0.2S_0.7	20	550
Ge_0.2As_0.1S_0.7	15	589
Ge_0.15As_0.2S_0.65	5	609
Ge_0.25As_0.1S_0.65	0	638
Ge_0.2As_0.2S_0.6	–10	530
Ge_0.3As_0.1S_0.6	–15	465
Ge_0.25As_0.20S_0.55	–25	425
Ge_0.35As_0.1S_0.55	–30	392
Ge_0.3As_0.2S_0.5	–40	350

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Vol. 70, Issue 4 - 2021-02-20

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