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Abstract

The developing of all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries promises to improve safety and energy density. The challenges in the anode|electrolyte interface are crucial and divided into static and dynamic issues in this review. The static issues are mainly shown as the huge resistances appearing in the assembled batteries, while the dynamic issues are reflected in the rapid deterioration of cycling performance. The static issues are mainly due to the poor chemical stability and interfacial contact, while dendrite growth and void formation are contained in the dynamic issues. Solving dynamic issues on the basis of static issues can conduce to the construction of stable all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Li Bao-Hua,libh@mail.sz.tsinghua.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51872157), the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2017BT01N111), Bureau of Industrial and Information Technology of Shenzhen, China (Grant No. 20170428145209110) and the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen, China (Grants Nos. JCYJ20170817161753629, JCYJ20170412170911187)

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Cited By

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界面问题	解决策略	优点	不足	参考文献
静态问题	加热	易实现、对聚合物电解质效果显著	对疏锂的无机固态电解质无效、无法解决化学稳定性差问题	[61,62]
	加压	易实现、效果显著	仅在装配前加压不能解决动态问题、电池运行加压实用性低、无法解决化学稳定性差问题	[57—60]
	掺杂	对无机固态电解质有效、能一定程度解决化学稳定性差问题	易降低离子电导率	[63—65]
	电解质纯化	有望促使金属锂均匀沉积	无法避免杂质再次形成	[66,68—70]
	NH₄F预处理	避免污染物再次形成、有望抑制锂枝晶	需防范HF污染	[67]
	界面修饰	能同时解决两种静态问题	薄膜制备工艺成本高、生产效率较低	[28,55,62,71—74]
	锂合金负极	能同时解决两种静态问题、对动态问题也有帮助	降低负极比能量密度	[75—77,132—134]
动态问题	聚合物电解质改性	综合提高固态电解质的离子电导率、机械强度等	影响因素较多且效果相对有限	[86,124—127]
	引入反应界面层	结合界面层与锂合金负极的优点	薄膜制备工艺成本高、生产效率低	[28,55,62,71,72, 114,128,129]
	晶粒表面包覆	降低固态电解质电子电导率抑制枝晶生长	热处理时需要避免元素扩散	[130]
	金属锂负极纯化	有效避免金属锂的不均匀沉积及剥离	亟需开发大规模、低成本的生产方法	[131]
	聚合物复合界面	有效解决静态问题及消除体积变化所带来的应力	引入额外的界面阻碍电荷转移、制备超薄的聚合物界面层难度大	[135,136]
	弹性集流体	可逆地储存及释放应力	降低金属负极的电子电导率	[54]
	三维结构	为金属锂沉积预留体积	大规模制备具挑战	[138—141]

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Vol. 69, Issue 22 - 2020-11-20

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