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Abstract

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are a new type of photovoltaic material, they have attracted wide attention and made excellent progress in recent years. The power conversion efficiency of a single-junction perovskite solar cell has been increased to 25.2% just within a decade. Meanwhile, crystalline silicon solar cells account for nearly 90% of industrialized solar cells and have a maximum efficiency of 26.7%, approaching to their theoretical limit. It is more difficult to further improve the efficiency of single junction solar cells. It has been shown that multi-junction tandem solar cells prepared by stacking absorption layers with different bandgaps can better use sunlight, which is one of the most promising strategies to break the efficiency limitation of single-junction solar cells. Due to the bandgap tunability and low-temperature solution processability, perovskites stand out among many other materials for manufacturing multi-junction tandem solar cells. Wide bandgap perovskites with a bandgap of 1.63 eV or above have been combined with narrow band gap inorganic absorption layers such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride or narrow bandgap perovskite to produce high efficiency tandem solar cells. In addition to the promoting of the efficiency improvement of solar cells, the wide bandgap perovskites have broad applications in photovoltaic building integration and photocatalytic fields. Therefore, it is very important to explore and develop high quality wide bandgap perovskite materials and solar cells. Unfortunately, the wide bandgap perovskites have several intrinsic weaknesses, including being more vulnerable to the migration of halogen ions under being illuminated, more defects, and greater possibility of energy level mismatching with the charge transport layers than the narrow bandgap counterparts, which limits the further development of the wide bandgap perovskite solar cells. In this review, the development status of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is summarized and corresponding strategies for improving their performance are put forward. Furthermore, some personal views on the future development of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells are also presented here in this paper.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Zhang Xiao-Dan,xdzhang@nankai.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1500103), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61674084), the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation of Higher Education of China (Grant No. B16027), the Science and Technology Project of Tianjin, China (Grant No. 18ZXJMTG00220), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 63201171)

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Type	Perovskite	E_g/eV	V_OC/V	qV_OC/E_g	J_SC/mA·cm^–2	FF/%	PCE/%	Ref.
p-i-n	MAPbI_2.5Br_0.5	1.72	1.060	0.61	18.30	78.2	16.60	[35]
p-i-n	(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.95Cs_0.05Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.71	1.210	0.71	19.70	77.5	18.50	[36]
p-i-n	FA_0.6Cs_0.4Pb(I_0.7Br_0.3)₃	1.75	1.170	0.67	17.50	80.0	16.30	[37]
p-i-n	FA_0.83MA_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.72	1.150	0.67	19.40	77.0	17.20	[38]
p-i-n	FA_0.8Cs_0.2Pb(I_0.7Br_0.3)₃	1.75	1.240	0.71	17.92	81.9	18.19	[39]
p-i-n	(FA_0.65MA_0.20Cs_0.15)Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.68	1.170	0.70	21.20	79.8	19.50	[27]
p-i-n	Cs_0.15(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.85Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.64	1.190	0.73	19.50	80.2	18.60	[40]
p-i-n	CsPbI₃	1.73	1.160	0.67	17.70	78.6	16.10	[41]
p-i-n	CsPbI₂Br	1.80	1.230	0.67	15.26	78.0	15.19	[42]
p-i-n	FA_0.6Cs_0.3DMA_0.1PbI_2.4Br_0.6	1.70	1.200	0.70	19.60	82.0	19.40	[43]
p-i-n	FA_0.75Cs_0.25Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.68	1.217	0.72	20.18	83.6	20.42	[44]
p-i-n	(FA_0.65MA0_.2Cs_0.15)Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.67	1.200	0.72	NA	NA	20.70	[45]
p-i-n	(FA_0.64MA_0.20Cs_0.15)Pb_0.99(I_0.79Br_0.2)₃	1.68	1.196	0.71	21.65	81.5	21.00	[46]
n-i-p	Rb_0.05(FA_0.75MA_0.15Cs_0.1)_0.95PbI₂Br	1.73	1.120	0.71	19.40	73.0	15.90	[47]
n-i-p	FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.75	1.160	0.66	18.27	78.5	16.28	[48]
n-i-p	FA_0.85Cs_0.15Pb(I_0.73Br_0.27)₃	1.72	1.240	0.72	19.83	73.7	18.13	[49]
n-i-p	FA_0.8Cs_0.2Pb(I_0.7Br_0.3)₃	1.75	1.250	0.71	18.53	79.0	18.27	[50]
n-i-p	MAPb(Br_0.2I_0.8)₃	1.72	1.120	0.65	17.30	82.3	15.90	[51]
n-i-p	K_0.1(Cs_0.06FA_0.79MA_0.15)_0.9Pb(I_0.4Br_0.6)₃	1.78	1.230	0.69	17.90	79.0	17.50	[52]
n-i-p	FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.75	1.230	0.70	18.34	79.0	17.80	[53]
n-i-p	Cs_0.17FA_0.83PbI_2.2Br_0.8	1.72	1.270	0.74	19.30	77.4	18.60	[54]
n-i-p	Cs_0.12MA_0.05FA_0.83Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.74	1.250	0.72	19.00	81.5	19.10	[55]
n-i-p	Rb₅(Cs₅MAFA)₉₅Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃	1.63	1.240	0.76	22.80	81.0	21.60	[56]
n-i-p	FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.74	1.200	0.70	19.40	75.1	17.00	[57]
n-i-p	FA_0.17Cs_0.83PbI_2.2Br_0.8	1.72	1.244	0.72	19.80	75.0	18.60	[51]
n-i-p	Cs_0.2FA_0.8Pb(I_0.75Br_0.25)₃	1.65	1.220	0.74	21.20	80.5	20.70	[55]
n-i-p	BA_0.09(FA_0.83 Cs_0.17)_0.91Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.72	1.180	0.69	19.80	73.0	17.30	[38]
n-i-p	FA_0.15Cs_0.85Pb(I_0.73Br_0.27)₃	1.72	1.240	0.72	19.83	73.7	18.10	[58]
n-i-p	FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃	1.72	1.310	0.76	19.30	78.0	19.50	[59]
n-i-p	Rb_0.05Cs_0.095MA_0.1425FA_0.7125PbI₂Br	1.72	1.205	0.70	18.00	78.9	17.10	[54]
n-i-p	CsPbI₃	1.73	1.080	0.62	18.41	79.32	15.71	[60]
n-i-p	CsPbI₂Br	1.80	1.230	0.68	16.79	77.81	16.07	[61]
n-i-p	β-CsPbI₃	1.68	1.110	0.66	20.23	82.0	18.40	[62]
n-i-p	CsPbI_3-xBr_x	1.77	1.234	0.69	18.30	82.5	18.64	[63]
n-i-p	CsPbI₂Br	1.80	1.270	0.71	15.40	79.0	15.50	[64]
注: NA表示文献中没有给出具体数值; FF表示填充因子.

DownLoad: CSV

序号	钙钛矿中常用离子	有效半径R/pm
1	胍离子(GA⁺)	278
2	二甲胺离子(DMA⁺)	272
3	甲脒离子(FA⁺)	253
4	甲胺离子(MA⁺)	217
5	铯离子(Cs⁺)	167
6	铷离子(Rb⁺)	152
7	钾离子(K⁺)	138
8	钠离子(Na⁺)	102
9	铅离子(Pb²⁺)	119
10	锡离子(Sn²⁺)	112
11	碘离子(I^–)	220
12	溴离子(Br^–)	196
13	氯离子(Cl^–)	181

DownLoad: CSV

Type	Perovskite	E_g/eV	V_OC/V	Jsc/mA·cm^–2	FF/%	PCE/%	Year	Area/cm²	Ref.
N-I-P	MAPbI₃	1.61	1.580	11.50	75.00	13.70	2015	1.00	[15]
	FA_0.83MA_0.17Pb(I_0.84Br_0.16)₃	1.63	1.785	14.00	79.50	19.90	2016	0.16	[133]
	MAPbI₃	1.60	1.692	15.80	79.90	21.40	2016	0.17	[134]
	MAPbI₃	1.60	1.701	16.10	70.10	19.20	2016	1.22	[134]
	Cs_0.19MA_0.81PbI₃	1.59	1.751	18.80	77.10	22.70	2018	0.25	[135]
	Cs_0.19MA_0.81PbI₃	1.59	1.779	16.50	74.10	21.70	2018	1.43	[135]
	Cs_0.19FA_0.81Pb(I_0.78Br_0.22)₃	1.63	1.769	16.50	65.40	19.10	2018	12.96	[135]
	MA_0.37FA_0.48Cs_0.15PbI_2.01Br_0.99	1.69	1.703	15.26	79.20	20.57	2017	0.03	[136]
	FA_0.5MA_0.38Cs_0.12PbI_2.04Br_0.96	1.69	1.655	16.50	81.10	22.22	2018	0.06	[137]
	FA_0.75MA_0.25Pb(I_0.76B_0.24)₃	1.65	1.710	15.49	71.00	18.81	2018	0.13	[138]
	Cs_0.08FA_0.74MA_0.18Pb(I_0.88Br_0.12)₃	1.65	1.780	17.82	75.00	23.73	2018	0.13	[139]
	Cs_0.1(FA_0.75MA_0.25)_0.9Pb(I_0.78Br_0.22)₃	1.67	1.830	16.74	70.00	21.31	2019	0.13	[133]
	Cs_0.08FA_0.69MA_0.23Pb(I_0.78Br₂₂)₃	1.67	1.750	16.89	74.18	21.93	2019	0.13	[140]
	CsRbFAMAPbI_3-xBr_x	1.62	1.763	17.80	78.10	24.50	2018	1.00	[132]
P-I-N	Cs_0.17FA_0.83Pb(Br_0.17I_0.83)₃	1.63	1.650	18.10	79.00	23.60	2017	1.00	[141]
	FA_0.75Cs_0.25Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.68	1.770	18.40	77.00	25.00	2018	1.00	[142]
	Cs_0.05(MA_0.17FA_0.83)Pb_1.1(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃	1.60	1.760	18.50	78.50	25.50	2018	0.81	[143]
	Cs_xFA_1-xPb(I, Br)₃	1.60	1.788	19.50	73.10	25.20	2018	1.42	[144]
	Cs_xFA_1-xPb(I, Br)₃	1.60	1.741	19.50	74.70	25.40	2018	1.42	[145]
	Cs_0.15(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.85Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.64	1.800	17.80	79.40	25.40	2018	0.49	[40]
	Cs_0.05(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.95Pb(I_0.82Br_0.18)₃	1.63	1.792	19.02	74.60	25.43	2019	1.00	[146]
	Cs_0.1MA_0.9Pb(I_0.9Br_0.1)₃	1.60	1.820	19.20	75.30	26.20	2020	NA	[147]
	Cs_0.25FA_0.75Pb(I_0.85Br_0.15Cl_0.05)₃	1.67	1.890	19.10	75.30	27.04	2020	1.00	[44]
	Cs_0.05MA_0.15FA_0.8Pb(I_0.75Br_0.25)₃	1.68	1.700	19.80	77.00	25.70	2020	0.83	[46]
	(FA_0.65MA_0.2Cs_0.15)Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃	1.68	1.818	18.90	76.40	26.20	2020	1.00	[45]
注: NA表示文献中没有给出具体数值.

DownLoad: CSV

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