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Abstract

The mechanical properties of electrode materials and solid-state electrolytes in solid-state batteries (SSBs) have an important influence on the mechanical stabilties of SSBs. Mechanical failures in SSBs on different scales and in different components will occur once the stress inside SSBs exceeds the materials’ strengths, which seriously deteriorates the electrochemical performances of SSBs. From the perspective of stabilizing the mechanical stabilities of SSBs, in this review we describe the influences of the mechanical properties of each component in SSBs on the mechanical stabilites of SSBs, and we analyze the factors that affect the mechanical properties of materials. In addition, we also discuss the mechanical failures of SSBs during cycle, including electrode materials’ or solid-state electrolytes’ fractures, electrode-electrolyte contact losses, and short-circuits due to lithium dendrites. Finally, we summarize some common strategies to mitigate the mechanical failures in SSBs, and look forward to the future research directions in this field. Overall, the mechanical failures in SSBs and their strategies discussed in this review will help researchers build SSBs with higher energy density, longer life and higher safety.

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Corresponding author:Fan Li-Zhen,fanlizhen@ustb.edu.cn

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DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

电池材料		杨氏模量/GPa	剪切模量/GPa	硬度/GPa	泊松比(B/G)	K_c/MPa·m^1/2
氧化物电解质	Li_0.33La_0.57TiO₃^[29]	200	80	9.2	1.66	~1
	Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂^[30]	150	59.6	9.1	1.72	0.92–2.73
	Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃^[31]	115		7.1		1.10
	Li_6.5La₃Zr_1.5Ta_0.5O₁₂^[32]	153.8 ± 2.7	61.2 ± 1.1		1.59
硫化物电解质	Li₂S-P₂S₅^[33]	18.5	7.1 ± 0.3	1.9		0.23 ± 0.04
	Li₇P₃S₁₁^[34]
	Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂^[34]	21.7	7.9		3.44
	Li₁₀SnP₂S₁₂^[34]	29.1	11.2		2.09
	Li₅PS₅Cl^[34]	22.1	8.1		3.57
聚合物电解质	PEO+LiTFSI^[35]	~10^–6
	PEO+ LiClO₄^[36]	14.5 × 10^–3
	PAN+LiClO₄^[37]	1.6 × 10³
	PVDF+LiBF₄^[38]	0.3 × 10^–3
电极材料	LiCoO₂^[33]	178—191		8.3		0.94
	LiFePO₄^[39]	125.9	48.9		2.02
	NCM^[40]	198		11
	石墨^[41]	32	12		2.34
	Si^[42]	113		16.6
	Li^[33]	5	4.25	10^–3

DownLoad: CSV

电极材料		嵌锂/锂化产物	体积变化/%
正极	LiCoO₂	Li_0.5CoO₂	2^[47]
	LiNiO₂	Li_0.5NiO₂	2.8^[48]
	LiMnO₂	Li_0.5MnO₂	5.6^[48]
	LiNi_1/3Co_1/3 Mn_1/3O₂	Li_0.04Ni_1/3Co_1/3 Mn_1/3O₂	7.2^[49]
	LiFePO₄	FePO₄	7^[50]
	S	Li₂S	76^[51]
负极	Si	Li₁₅Si₄	310^[42]
	石墨	LiC₆	13^[41]
	Li₄Ti₅O12	Li₂[Li_1/3Ti_5/3]O₄	0.2^[52]

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 69, Issue 22 - 2020-11-20

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