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Abstract

The two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial saturable absorber represented by graphene is widely used in ultrafast fiber lasers due to its unique nonlinear optical properties. In this paper, we summarize the research and development of 2D nanomaterials as saturable absorbers in mid-infrared ultrafast mode-locked fiber lasers in recent years, and introduce the atomic structure and nonlinear optical characteristics of 2D nanomaterials, and saturable absorber device integration methods. The laser performance parameters such as center wavelength, repetition frequency and average output power of the laser are discussed, and the femtosecond fiber laser based on black phosphorus saturable absorber in the middle infrared band is highlighted. Finally, the developments and challenges of 2D materials in mid-infrared pulsed fiber laser are also addressed.

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Zhang Meng,mengzhang10@buaa.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51778030, 51978024)

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2D material	Graphene	TIs	TMDs	BP	MOFs
Bandgap/eV	0	0.2—0.3	1—2.0	0.3—2	0.85
Carrier lifetime	Fast: < 200 fs Slow: ～1 ps	Fast: 0.3—2 ps Slow: 3—23 ps	Fast: ～1—3 ps Slow: 70—400 ps	Fast: 360 fs Slow: 1.3 ps	—

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2D material	Fabrication method	Laser type	λ/nm	Pulse width/ps	Repetition rate/MHz	Power/mW	Ref.
Graphene	LPE	TDF	1940	3.6	6.46	2	[56]
Graphene	CVD	TDF	1884	1.2	20.5	1.35	[22]
Graphene	NPE	TDF	1950	0.255	23.5	1210	[67]
Graphene	CVD	TDF	1945	0.2	58.87	13	[68]
Graphene	CVD	Er:ZBLAN	2800	42	25.4	18	[69]
BP	ME	TDF	1910	0.739	36.8	1.5	[40]
BP	ME	Er:ZBLAN	2800	42	24	613	[72]
BP	Sonication	Er:ZBLAN	3.5	34600	28.91	40	[73]
TMDs-WTe₂	MSD	TDF	1915	1.25	18.72	39.9	[74]
TIs-Bi₂Te₃	ME	Tm/Ho	1935	0.795	27.9	20	[27]
MOFs	Solvothermal	TDF	1882	1.3	13.9	2.87	[41]

DownLoad: CSV

2D material	Fabrication method	Laser type	λ/nm	Pulse width/fs	Repetition rate/MHz	Spectral width /nm	Ref.
Graphene	CVD	Tm	1940	260	6.46	9.4	[78]
Graphene	CVD	Tm	1876	603	41	6.6	[79]
Graphene	CVD	Tm	1945	205	58.87	27.5	[68]
Graphene	—	Ho	2060	190	20.98	53.6	[80]
TIs-Bi₂Te₃	Optically	Tm/Ho	1909	1260	21.5	3.6	[81]
TIs-Bi₂Te₃	ME	Tm/Ho	1935	795	27.9	5.6	[27]
TMDs-WSe₂	CVD	Tm	1864	1160	11.36	3.19	[61]
TMDs-MoTe₂	CVD	Tm	1930	952	14.35	4.45	[60]
TMDs-MoSe₂	LPE	Tm/Ho	1912	920	18.21	4.62	[82]
BP	ME	Tm	1910	739	36.8	5.8	[40]
BP	LPE	Tm	1886	139	20.95	55.6	[83]

DownLoad: CSV

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Vol. 69, Issue 18 - 2020-09-20

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