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Abstract

Pulsed high-energy fluence X-ray source is based on the “Flash II” accelerator. It can be used to carry out effect vulnerability and sensitivity test of unit level system generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP). The energy fluence of pulsed hard X-ray is a main parameter of the equipment beam. At present, theoretical calculation method is widely used. Energy fluence can be calculated according to the dose, energy spectrum and energy absorption coefficient of each energy segment. The principle measuring energy fluence of pulsed hard X-ray by total absorption method is introduced. The photoelectric cell with lutetium silicate (LSO) scintillator is selected as a core component of the detection system, and the measurement system is developed. It is composed of scintillation detector, LSO scintillator, dimmer film, photon collimator, visible light shielding material, power supply and signal collecting system. The conversion coefficient between the incident photon energy and the waveform parameter is calibrated by a standard X-ray source. The energy fluence measurement experiment is carried out with the high-energy beam source of the “Flash II” accelerator as an experimental platform. In order to meet the requirements of the effect test experiments, the series diode structure is used in the accelerator for forming a high strength and large area uniform X-ray source. In the experiment, the LiF TLD is located in the front of the phototube and used to monitor the dose. According to the measured waveform, the actual energy of the incident photons is calculated. Combined with the receiving area of incident photons, the energy fluence of pulsed hard X-ray is calculated. The average measured value is 35.9 mJ/cm ²in 5 consecutive experiments. Energy fluence calculated from the measured dose and energy spectrum is 39.8 mJ/cm ². The results of the two methods are compared. It can be found that the experimental result is about 9.8% smaller than the theoretical value. The reasons are as follows. According to the law of exponential decay of rays in matter, in fact, the scintillator cannot absorb all the rays, and some of the rays can penetrate through, the energy of these rays cannot be detected, and thus giving rise to small experimental value. Due to the limited energy point of quasi-monoenergetic source, the sensitivity under the mean photon energy is taken as the sensitivity of the detector, and therefore there is a certain degree of uncertainty. The successful application of the measurement technology provides a good experimental method for the following similar research, and can also provide a reference for X-ray intensity analysis.

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Corresponding author:Su Zhao-Feng,xcw9504@163.com

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References

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闪烁体	最强发射波长/nm	闪烁衰减时间/ns	折射率	密度/g·cm^–3	相对光输出/%
Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂	480	300	2.15	7.13	12.0—14.0
BSO	480	2/30/100	2.06	6.80	2.0—5.0
LSO:Ce	420	40	1.82	7.40	75.0
PbWO₄	480	10	2.16	8.20	0.5—1.0
GSO:Ce	450	31/65	1.90	6.71	20.0
ZnWO₄	480	5000	2.20	7.87	26.0
CdWO₄	540	5000	2.30	7.90	40.0
CaWO₄	540	5000	2.30	7.90	40.0

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Thicknesses of scintillators /mm	0.01	10.00	15.00	20.00	25.00	30.00	35.00
Transmissivity/%	97.8200	1.9970	0.8750	0.4440	0.2270	0.1200	0.0695

DownLoad: CSV

靶材	光谱仪电压/kV	光谱仪电流/mA	X射线能量/keV	本底电流/nA	输出电流/nA	剂量率/mGy·s^–1	灵敏度/10^–17C·cm²·MeV^–1
Pb	100	25	75.0	3.9	24.2	8.78	5.29
W	95	30	59.2	2.2	11.9	3.25	6.79
Dy	75	35	46.0	3.7	29.4	50.77	3.87
Sn	50	60	25.3	3.9	26.7	55.77	3.13

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发次	二极管电压/kV	二极管电流/kA	剂量/rad	能注量/mJ·cm^–2
1	705	311	415.6	36.0
2	741	315	342.4	35.0
3	686	323	293.4	37.0
4	746	327	309.3	36.6
5	718	305	325.6	34.8
平均值	719.2 ± 25.0	316.2 ± 8.9	337.3 ± 47.4	35.9 ± 1.0

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能量/keV	15	30	60	90	120	150
能谱归一化数值	0.1174	0.2260	0.2110	0.1465	0.1104	0.0865
质能吸收系数/cm²·kg^–1	9790	4080	143	69	69	69
能注量/ mJ·cm^–2	0.04761	0.21996	5.85906	8.43404	6.35475	4.97756

能量/keV	180	210	300	400	500	600
能谱归一化数值	0.0533	0.0319	0.0103	0.0036	0.0021	0.0004
质能吸收系数/cm²·kg^–1	29.1	29.1	29.1	29.1	29.1	29.1
能注量/ mJ·cm^–2	7.27554	4.36081	1.41793	0.49708	0.29262	0.06403

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Vol. 69, Issue 14 - 2020-07-20

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