2Si, γ-Ni5Si2 and β-Ni3Si phase clusters are determined, respectively, and the corresponding cluster formulas are [Ni-Ni8Si5]Ni,[Si-Ni10]Si3, and [Si-Ni12]Si3. the compositions of a series of Cu-Ni-Si alloys are designed according to the different precipitated phases of δ-Ni2Si, γ-Ni5Si2, and β-Ni3Si each with Cu atom content being 93.75%, 95%, 95.8%, 96.7% and 97.5%, respectively. The alloy raw material is melted into alloy ingot in an argon-filled vacuum arc furnace. The ingots undergoes solid-solution at 950 ° C for 1 hour and water quenching then aging treatment at 450 ° C for 4 hour and water quenching. The conductivity and Vickers hardness of the alloy are tested by conductivity meter and hardness meter, respectively. The microstructure of the alloy is characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, the electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si is the main consideration in the design of alloy composition, the content values of matrix Cu atoms are in the ranges of 90%-95.63% and 95.63%-97.5% respectively, the precipitated phases are designed according to δ-Ni2Si and γ-Ni5Si2 respectively; the content of matrix Cu atoms is over 97.5%, it can be designed according to any phase of δ-Ni2Si, γ-Ni5Si2 and β-Ni3Si, with no difference in electrical conductivity among them. If the strength of the alloy is the main factor in the composition design, the content values of Cu atoms in the matrix are in the ranges of 90% — 93.93%, 93.93% — 94.34%, 94.34%— 95.63%, and 95.63%—96.12% respectively, according to the composition intervals the precipitated phases are designed as δ-Ni2Si, γ-Ni5Si2, β-Ni3Si, and γ-Ni5Si2, respectively. Once the content of Cu in the matrix is greater than 96.12%, the precipitated phase can be designed according to any of the phases of δ-Ni2Si, γ-Ni5Si2 and β-Ni3Si."> - 必威体育下载

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中国物理学会期刊
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    Li Dong-Mei, Han Jing-Yu, Dong Chuang
    Acta Phys. Sin., 2019, 68(19): 196102.
    doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190593
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    • Abstract

      Cu-Ni-Si alloy has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high strength, and high hardness, and is widely used in electronic components and other fields. When the compositions of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy are designed, the determination of the phase component is critical. In this work, the composition of Cu-Ni-Si alloy is designed according to the "precipitation phase" by cluster-plus-glum-atom model. Following the cluster selection criteria, the δ-Ni 2Si, γ-Ni 5Si 2and β-Ni 3Si phase clusters are determined, respectively, and the corresponding cluster formulas are [Ni-Ni 8Si 5]Ni,[Si-Ni 10]Si 3, and [Si-Ni 12]Si 3. the compositions of a series of Cu-Ni-Si alloys are designed according to the different precipitated phases of δ-Ni 2Si, γ-Ni 5Si 2, and β-Ni 3Si each with Cu atom content being 93.75%, 95%, 95.8%, 96.7% and 97.5%, respectively. The alloy raw material is melted into alloy ingot in an argon-filled vacuum arc furnace. The ingots undergoes solid-solution at 950 ° C for 1 hour and water quenching then aging treatment at 450 ° C for 4 hour and water quenching. The conductivity and Vickers hardness of the alloy are tested by conductivity meter and hardness meter, respectively. The microstructure of the alloy is characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, the electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si is the main consideration in the design of alloy composition, the content values of matrix Cu atoms are in the ranges of 90%-95.63% and 95.63%-97.5% respectively, the precipitated phases are designed according to δ-Ni 2Si and γ-Ni 5Si 2respectively; the content of matrix Cu atoms is over 97.5%, it can be designed according to any phase of δ-Ni 2Si, γ-Ni 5Si 2and β-Ni 3Si, with no difference in electrical conductivity among them. If the strength of the alloy is the main factor in the composition design, the content values of Cu atoms in the matrix are in the ranges of 90% — 93.93%, 93.93% — 94.34%, 94.34%— 95.63%, and 95.63%—96.12% respectively, according to the composition intervals the precipitated phases are designed as δ-Ni 2Si, γ-Ni 5Si 2, β-Ni 3Si, and γ-Ni 5Si 2, respectively. Once the content of Cu in the matrix is greater than 96.12%, the precipitated phase can be designed according to any of the phases of δ-Ni 2Si, γ-Ni 5Si 2and β-Ni 3Si.

        Authors and contacts

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        • 2.

          • Corresponding author:Dong Chuang,dong@dlut.edu.cn
        • Funds:Project supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11674045)

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        心部原子 壳层原子数目 壳层原子种类 壳层原子与心部原子的距离r/nm 径向原子密度ρ/nm-3 团簇 团簇构型
        Ni1 1 Si1 0.20823 52.909 Ni9Si4 图2(a)
        2 Si1 0.22614 82.615
        1 Si1 0.23232 95.245
        2 Ni2 0.25359 102.526
        1 Ni2 0.26231 105.871
        1 Ni2 0.26268 118.602
        2 Ni1 0.27021 133.174
        2 Ni2 0.27132 155.464
        1 Si1 0.29611 128.795
        Ni2 2 Si1 0.24629 47.964 Ni9Si5 图2(b)
        2 Si1 0.24872 77.619
        1 Si1 0.24972 92.092
        2 Ni1 0.25359 117.172
        2 Ni2 0.25818 138.792
        1 Ni1 0.26231 145.573
        1 Ni1 0.26268 158.136
        2 Ni1 0.27132 167.423
        1 Si1 0.32162 107.695
        2 Ni2 0.34426 93.668
        Si1 1 Ni1 0.20823 52.909 SiNi9 图2(c)
        2 Ni1 0.22614 82.615
        1 Ni1 0.23232 95.245
        2 Ni2 0.24629 111.915
        2 Ni2 0.24872 139.715
        1 Ni2 0.24972 153.381
        1 Ni1 0.29611 101.196
        2 Si1 0.31484 99.496
        1 Ni2 0.32162 100.515
        2 Si1 0.34056 96.754
        DownLoad: CSV

        心部原子 壳层原子数目 壳层原子种类 壳层原子与心部原子的距离r/nm 径向原子密度ρ/nm–3 团簇 团簇构型
        Ni1 3 Si5 0.23282 113.557 Ni7Si5 图4(a)
        6 Ni8 0.25853 138.229
        2 Si1 0.26156 160.177
        6 Ni7 0.32954 120.138
        6 Ni4 0.39376 93.896
        6 Ni6 0.42716 91.935
        3 Si5 0.43428 96.236
        6 Ni8 0.45646 97.946
        6 Si2 0.47401 100.921
        2 Ni2 0.49734 91.258
        Ni2 1 Ni2 0.23332 37.61 Ni8Si4 图4(b)
        1 Si1 0.23578 54.668
        3 Si4 0.2421 100.995
        3 Ni6 0.24757 141.671
        3 Ni5 0.25331 176.342
        3 Ni5 0.34555 86.834
        3 Ni7 0.34582 103.957
        3 Ni3 0.38621 87.072
        3 Si3 0.4174 78.829
        3 Ni6 0.41824 88.149
        3 Ni5 0.42043 96.421
        3 Ni3 0.43617 94.99
        Ni3 3 Si4 0.24409 65.696 Ni10Si4 图4(c)
        1 Si2 0.24965 76.755
        3 Ni5 0.25453 115.879
        3 Ni6 0.26112 147.572
        3 Ni5 0.26706 175.563
        1 Si3 0.36558 73.329
        3 Ni7 0.37339 82.588
        3 Ni2 0.38621 87.072
        3 Ni6 0.41335 81.169
        3 Ni5 0.42222 85.68
        Ni4 3 Si5 0.23225 76.265 Ni10Si4 图4(d)
        1 Si3 0.25456 72.399
        3 Ni8 0.25532 114.807
        3 Ni7 0.25574 157.083
        3 Ni8 0.27402 162.522
        1 Si2 0.35821 77.949
        3 Ni6 0.37974 78.514
        3 Ni1 0.39376 82.159
        3 Ni7 0.39797 90.948
        3 Ni8 0.41739 88.689
        Ni5 1 Si4 0.23142 38.544 Ni8Si3 图4(e)
        1 Si3 0.23246 57.044
        1 Si4 0.24177 67.606
        1 Ni6 0.25071 75.786
        1 Ni6 0.25316 88.328
        1 Ni2 0.25331 102.866
        1 Ni5 0.25375 116.951
        1 Ni3 0.26706 137.942
        1 Ni6 0.28031 130.136
        2 Ni5 0.29349 132.276
        Ni6 1 Si2 0.22997 39.278 Ni9Si4 图4(f)
        1 Si1 0.23889 52.56
        1 Si4 0.2445 65.366
        1 Ni2 0.24757 78.706
        1 Si3 0.24916 92.651
        1 Ni5 0.25071 103.499
        1 Ni5 0.25316 117.77
        1 Ni8 0.25429 130.733
        1 Ni7 0.25495 144.134
        1 Ni7 0.26059 148.474
        1 Ni3 0.26112 160.988
        1 Ni7 0.26728 162.621
        Ni7 1 Si3 0.22567 41.566 Ni9Si4 图4(g)
        1 Si1 0.22958 59.218
        1 Si5 0.23849 70.434
        1 Si2 0.24038 85.982
        1 Ni8 0.24588 96.408
        1 Ni8 0.25044 106.443
        1 Ni6 0.25495 115.307
        1 Ni4 0.25574 128.522
        1 Ni5 0.26021 135.569
        1 Ni6 0.26059 148.474
        1 Ni6 0.26728 150.111
        1 Ni8 0.27224 153.893
        Ni8 1 Si5 0.23059 38.962 Ni9Si4 图4(h)
        1 Si5 0.24054 51.486
        1 Ni8 0.2457 64.413
        1 Ni7 0.24588 80.34
        1 Si2 0.24656 95.613
        1 Ni7 0.25044 106.443
        1 Ni6 0.25429 116.207
        1 Ni4 0.25531 129.173
        1 Ni1 0.25853 138.229
        Ni8 1 Si1 0.27197 130.605 Ni9Si4 图4(h)
        1 Ni7 0.27224 142.055
        1 Ni4 0.27402 150.913
        Si1 3 Ni7 0.22958 78.957 SiNi11 图4(i)
        1 Ni2 0.23578 91.113
        3 Ni6 0.23889 140.161
        1 Ni1 0.26156 120.132
        3 Ni8 0.27197 142.479
        3 Ni5 0.34489 87.334
        3 Si5 0.35017 100.131
        3 Si2 0.38543 87.602
        3 Si3 0.39237 94.898
        3 Si4 0.41136 92.647
        Si2 3 Ni6 0.22997 78.556 SiNi10 图4(j)
        3 Ni7 0.24038 120.375
        3 Ni8 0.24656 159.354
        1 Ni3 0.24965 168.861
        3 Ni5 0.33462 89.249
        3 Si5 0.35153 93.475
        1 Ni4 0.35821 93.539
        3 Si1 0.38543 87.602
        3 Si3 0.38982 96.772
        3 Si4 0.40727 95.466
        Si3 3 Ni7 0.22567 83.132 SiNi10 图4(k)
        3 Ni5 0.23246 133.102
        3 Ni6 0.24916 154.418
        1 Ni4 0.25456 159.277
        3 Ni8 0.33473 89.161
        3 Si4 0.35895 87.797
        1 Ni3 0.36558 87.995
        3 Si2 0.38982 84.676
        3 Si1 0.39237 94.898
        3 Si5 0.40056 100.344
        Si4 2 Ni5 0.23142 57.816 SiNi10 图4(l)
        2 Ni5 0.24177 84.507
        2 Ni2 0.2421 117.827
        2 Ni3 0.24409 147.817
        2 Ni6 0.2445 179.758
        2 Ni5 0.29512 120.803
        2 Si3 0.35895 77.468
        2 Si4 0.36743 81.857
        4 Si4 0.39431 81.816
        2 Si2 0.40727 81.323
        Si5 2 Ni8 0.23059 58.364 SiNi9 图4(m)
        2 Ni4 0.23225 95.331
        1 Ni1 0.23282 113.559
        2 Ni7 0.23849 140.868
        2 Ni8 0.24054 171.621
        2 Ni8 0.28808 119.887
        2 Si1 0.35017 77.879
        2 Si2 0.35153 76.979
        4 Si5 0.37643 80.603
        2 Si3 0.40056 74.329
        DownLoad: CSV

        心部
        原子        		 壳层
        原子数        		 壳层原
        子种类        		 壳层原子与心部原子的距离r/nm 径向原子
        密度ρ/
        nm−3        		 团簇 团簇
        构型
        Ni1 4 Si1 0.24791 203.795 Ni9Si4 图6(a)
        8 Ni1 0.24791 203.795
        Si1 12 Ni1 0.24791 203.795 SiNi12 图6(b)
        DownLoad: CSV

        Ni/Si (at.%) cluster formulas composition wt.% /at.% Vickers Hardness kgf·mm–2 Electrical Conductivity /%IACS
        2 [(Fe1/15Ni9/15Si5/15)Cu12]Cu3 95.18Cu3.52Ni0.93Si0.37Fe
        (Cu93.75Ni3.75Si2.08Fe0.42)        		 258 35
        ([(Ni10/15Si5/15)Cu12]Cu3)4+([CuCu12]Cu3) 96.14Cu3.11Ni0.75Si
        (Cu95Ni3.33Si1.67)        		 161 51
        ([(Ni10/15Si5/15)Cu12]Cu3)2+([CuCu12]Cu3) 96.79Cu2.59Ni0.62Si
        (Cu95.83Ni2.78Si1.39)        		 189 35
        {[(Ni10/15Si5/15)1.0602Cu12]Cu3}0.996+{[CuCu12]Cu3} 97.4Cu2.1Ni0.5Si
        (Cu96.7Ni2.2Si1.1)        		 191 40
        ([(Ni10/15Si5/15)Cu12]Cu3)2+([CuCu12]Cu3)3 98.08Cu1.55Ni0.37Si
        (Cu97.5Ni1.67Si0.83)        		 172 48
        2.5 [(Fe1/14Ni9/14Si4/14)Cu12]Cu3 95.04Cu3.75Ni0.8Si0.41Fe
        (Cu93.75Ni4.01Si1.79Fe0.45)        		 262 32.5
        ([(Ni10/14Si4/14)Cu12]Cu3)4+([CuCu12]Cu3) 96.03Cu3.33Ni0.64Si
        (Cu95Ni3.57Si1.43)        		 201 41
        ([(Ni10/14Si4/14)Cu12]Cu3)2+([CuCu12]Cu3) 96.69Cu2.78Ni0.53Si
        (Cu95.83Ni2.98Si1.19)        		 201 38
        {([(Ni10/14Si4/14)1.0602Cu12]Cu3)}0.996 +([CuCu12]Cu3) 97.39Cu2.2Ni0.41Si
        (Cu96.7Ni2.36Si0.94)        		 168 41
        ([Ni10/14Si4/14)Cu12]Cu3)2+([CuCu12]Cu3)3 98.02Cu1.66Ni0.32Si
        (Cu97.5Ni1.79Si0.71)        		 176 48
        3 ([(Fe1/16Ni11/16Si4/16)Cu12]Cu3) 94.93Cu4.02Ni0.7Si0.35Fe
        (Cu93.75Ni4.3Si1.56Fe0.39)        		 241 30
        ([(Ni12/16Si4/16)Cu12]Cu3)4+([CuCu12]Cu3) 95.94Cu3.5Ni0.56Si
        (Cu95Ni3.75Si1.25)        		 225 33
        ([(Ni12/16Si4/16)Cu12]Cu3)2+([CuCu12]Cu3) 96.63Cu2.91Ni0.46Si
        (Cu95.83Ni3.13Si1.04)        		 191 36
        {([(Ni12/16Si4/16)1.0602Cu12]Cu3)}0.996
        + ([CuCu12]Cu3)        		 97.33Cu2.31Ni0.36Si
        (Cu96.7Ni2.47Si0.83)        		 160 39
        ([(Ni12/16Si4/16)Cu12]Cu3)2+([CuCu12]Cu3)3 97.98Cu1.74Ni0.28Si
        (Cu97.5Ni1.87Si0.63)        		 171 47
        DownLoad: CSV
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      • Received Date:23 April 2019
      • Accepted Date:15 July 2019
      • Available Online:01 October 2019
      • Published Online:05 October 2019

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