基于<i>Z</i>扫描技术的超快脉冲激光焦深测量方法

林克晟; 高宇; 钟筱晴; 姜小芳

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241658

摘要

传统焦深测量方法大多需要直接捕捉光斑尺寸, 但超快脉冲激光系统焦点处高峰值光强容易使仪器损坏, 而利用自相关和平移探测器等方法光路复杂, 容易引入误差. 考虑到现有方法的局限, 本文提出了一种基于Z扫描技术的超快脉冲激光焦深测量新方法. 从非线性光学理论出发, 推导出利用开孔Z扫描技术测量具有双光子吸收特性的材料时, 透射率曲线符合洛伦兹分布, 拟合后可以快速确定焦点位置及焦深大小. 通过仿真不同因素下的测量结果, 验证了利用Z扫描技术测量光学系统焦深的可行性. 通过实验测量不同样品厚度、入射光强、样品类型及不同透镜超快光学系统的透射率曲线, 表明开孔Z扫描曲线的半高全宽与理论焦深值具有显著一致性. 该方法将焦深大小与透射率曲线的束腰半径相关联, 利用Z扫描曲线的洛伦兹分布特性排除了不同因素对测量结果的影响, 能够准确测量超快脉冲激光聚焦系统的焦深.

关键词:

Abstract

With the development of technology, ultrafast pulse lasers are increasingly used in many fields, such as material processing, imaging, and medical treatments. The precision of these applications often depends on the ability to focus the laser beam into a tight spot with a minimal divergence in a certain range along the optical axis. Therefore, accurate measurement of depth of focus (DOF) is crucial for optimizing the performance of ultrafast laser systems and ensuring the reliability of the results obtained in various experiments and applications. Traditional methods of measuring the DOF mainly rely on directly capturing the beam size, which is impractical in high-intensity environments of ultrafast pulse laser systems due to potential damage to sensors and limitations in measurement accuracy. Furthermore, using autocorrelation or moving sensors to measure DOF in ultrafast pulse lasers introduces complex optical paths, leading to measurement errors and making them unreliable in precise focusing applications.To solve the problem of the limitations of current DOF measurement techniques for ultrafast pulse laser, in this work we propose a novel method based on Z-scan technique. According to nonlinear optical theory, it is found that the transmittance curves obtained from open-aperture (OA) Z-scan measurements of samples exhibiting two-photon absorption (TPA) all follow a Lorentzian distribution. By fitting this curve by Lorentzian distribution, the DOF of ultrafast pulse lasers and the full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the OA Z-scan curves can be determined rapidly. The transmittance curves of solid and liquid samples with TPA across different types of lenses and microscope objectives within ultrafast optical systems are measured. The results show that the FWHM of the OA Z-scan curves and the theoretical DOF values are well consistent. This method effectively relates the size of the DOF to the beam waist radius derived from the distribution of the Lorentzian function in the OA Z-scan experimental curves, eliminating the influence of other parameters on the measurement results. In conclusion, a novel method of measuring DOF in ultrafast pulse laser systems by using the OA Z-scan technique is proposed. It provides a rapid, accurate and reliable way for determining the DOF in ultrafast laser focusing systems, thereby precisely controlling the ultrafast laser beam for a wide range of applications.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

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通信作者: 姜小芳, jiangxf@scnu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 62075065)、广州市科技计划(批准号: 2019050001, 20202030148)、广东省自然科学基金(批准号: 2021A1515011388)和广东省信息光子技术重点实验室(批准号: 2017B030301007)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author: JIANG Xiaofang, jiangxf@scnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62075065), the Science and Technology Program Project of Guangzhou, China (Grant Nos. 2019050001, 20202030148), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2021A1515011388), and the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, China (Grant No. 2017B030301007).

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下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

聚焦元件	DOF_Cal/mm	Z扫描实验测量的DOF_Exp/mm
聚焦元件	DOF_Cal/mm	洛伦兹拟合FWHM(m = 1, (3)式)	高阶项矫正FWHM(m = 11, (2)式)
20倍消色差显微物镜 (f = 10 mm)	0.36	0.40±0.01	0.34±0.01
平凸透镜(f = 50 mm)	1.51	1.65±0.04	1.47±0.04
消色差透镜(f = 50 mm)	1.51	1.53±0.04	1.46±0.02
平凸透镜(f = 100 mm)	4.58	4.89±0.15	4.58±0.14

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A method of measuring depth of focus in ultrafast pulsed laser systems based on Z-scanning technology

摘要

Abstract

作者及机构信息

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2.

通信作者: 姜小芳, jiangxf@scnu.edu.cn

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1.

2.

Corresponding author: JIANG Xiaofang, jiangxf@scnu.edu.cn

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A method of measuring depth of focus in ultrafast pulsed laser systems based on Z-scanning technology

摘要

Abstract

作者及机构信息

1. 2.

通信作者: 姜小芳, jiangxf@scnu.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

1. 2.

Corresponding author: JIANG Xiaofang, jiangxf@scnu.edu.cn

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