汪书兴; 李天钧; 黄新朝; 朱林繁

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20241218

摘要

随着X射线光源品质的提升, X射线波段的量子调控成为了新兴的前沿领域, 基于薄膜平面腔的X射线腔量子光学是其中一个重要分支. X射线腔量子光学研究始于原子核跃迁体系, 近期兴起了调控原子内壳层跃迁的研究工作. 原子内壳层跃迁存在丰富的候选体系和退激通道, 极大地拓宽了X射线腔量子光学的研究范围. 此外, 内壳层激发及其退激通道对应着多种X射线谱学表征技术, 促进X射线腔量子光学和谱学技术的融合, 有望促成X射线谱学新技术的出现. 本文概述了基于原子内壳层跃迁的X射线腔量子光学, 介绍了基本的实验体系和实验方法、经典和量子理论模型以及已经实现的一些量子光学现象. 最后, 本文简要介绍了内壳层X射线腔量子光学仍需要解决的一些问题, 同时展望了未来的发展方向.

关键词:

Abstract

Over the past decade, X-ray quantum optics has emerged as a dynamic research field, driven by significant advancements in X-ray sources such as next-generation synchrotron radiation facilities and X-ray free-electron lasers, as well as improvements in X-ray methodologies and sample fabrication techniques. One of the most successful platforms in this field is the X-ray planar thin-film cavity, also known as the X-ray cavity QED setup. To date, most studies in X-ray cavity quantum optics have focused on Mössbauer nuclear resonances. However, this approach is constrained by the limited availability of suitable nuclear isotopes and the lack of universal applicability. Recently, experimental realizations of X-ray cavity quantum control in atomic inner-shell transitions have demonstrated that cavity effects can simultaneously modify transition energies and core-hole lifetimes. These pioneering studies suggest that X-ray cavity quantum optics based on inner-shell transitions will become a promising new platform. Notably, the core-hole state is a fundamental concept in various modern X-ray spectroscopic techniques. Therefore, integrating X-ray quantum optics with X-ray spectroscopy holds the potential to open new frontiers in the field of core-level spectroscopy.In this review, we introduce the experimental systems used in X-ray cavity quantum optics with inner-shell transitions, covering cavity structures, sample fabrications, and experimental methodologies. We explain that X-ray thin-film cavity experiments require high flux, high energy resolution, minimal beam divergence, and precise angular control, necessitating the use of synchrotron radiations. Grazing reflectivity and fluorescence measurements are described in detail, along with a brief introduction to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering techniques. The review also outlines simulation tools, including the classical Parratt algorithm, semi-classical matrix formalism, quantum optical theory based on the Jaynes-Cummings model, and the quantum Green’s function method. We discuss the similarities and unique features of electronic inner-shell transitions and highlight recent advancements, focusing on cavity-induced phenomena such as collective Lamb shift, Fano interference, core-hole lifetime control, etc. Observables such as reflectivity and fluorescence spectra play a central role in these studies. Finally, we review and discuss potential future directions for the field. Designing novel cavities is crucial for addressing current debates regarding cavity effects in inner-shell transitions and uncovering new quantum optical phenomena. Integrating modern X-ray spectroscopies with X-ray cavity quantum optics represents a promising research frontier with significant application potential. Furthermore, X-ray free-electron lasers, with much higher pulse intensity and shorter pulse duration, are expected to propel X-ray cavity quantum optics into the nonlinear and multiphoton regimes, opening new avenues for exploration.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

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通信作者: 黄新朝, xinchao.huang@xfel.eu ; 朱林繁, lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12334010, U1932207)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author: Huang Xin-Chao, xinchao.huang@xfel.eu ; Zhu Lin-Fan, lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12334010, U1932207).

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X-ray cavity quantum optics of inner-shell transitions

摘要

Abstract

作者及机构信息

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2.

3.

通信作者: 黄新朝, xinchao.huang@xfel.eu ; 朱林繁, lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

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2.

3.

Corresponding author: Huang Xin-Chao, xinchao.huang@xfel.eu ; Zhu Lin-Fan, lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn

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X-ray cavity quantum optics of inner-shell transitions

摘要

Abstract

作者及机构信息

1. 2. 3.

通信作者: 黄新朝, xinchao.huang@xfel.eu ; 朱林繁, lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

1. 2. 3.

Corresponding author: Huang Xin-Chao, xinchao.huang@xfel.eu ; Zhu Lin-Fan, lfzhu@ustc.edu.cn

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