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摘要

热光伏器件是一种利用光伏效应将热源的热辐射转化为电能的器件. 高效热光伏器件在电网规模的热能存储、全光谱太阳能转换、分布式联合发电、废热回收等方面有着广阔的应用前景. 然而, 大多数热辐射处于低能量波长范围, 无法有效激发光伏电池半导体的电子跃迁从而产生电能. 因此, 对热辐射光谱发射的选择性调控是实现高效热光伏器件的关键. 近年来, 伴随着纳米光子学、材料科学与人工智能赋能科学的发展, 也取得了极大进展. 本文首先回顾了热光伏器件的发展历史, 继而围绕热光伏器件中热端和冷端的光谱调控, 详细讨论了超结构选择性发射器、本征选择性发射器、光滤波器以及背表面反射器的热辐射光谱调控物理机制与调控手段, 并梳理和总结了近场热光伏的相关研究, 最后对热光伏器件的未来发展进行了展望.

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Abstract

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) device converts thermal radiation into electricity output through photovoltaic effect. High-efficiency TPV devices have extensive applications in grid-scale thermal storage, full-spectrum solar utilization, distributed thermal-electricity cogeneration, and waste heat recovery. The key to high-efficiency TPV devices lies in spectral regulation to achieve band-matching between thermal radiation of the emitters and electron transition of the photovoltaic cells. The latest advances in nanophotonics, materials science, and artificial intelligence have made milestone progress in spectral regulation and recording power conversion efficiency of up to 40% of TPV devices. Here we systematically review spectral regulation in TPV devices at the emitter end as well as the photovoltaic cell end. At the emitter end, spectral regulation is realized through thermal metamaterials and rare-earth intrinsic emitters to selectively enhance the in-band radiation and suppress the sub-bandgap radiation. At the photovoltaic cell end, spectral regulation mainly focuses on recycling the sub-bandgap thermal radiation through optical filters and back surface reflectors located at the front and back of the photovoltaic cells, respectively. We emphasize the light-matter interaction mechanisms and material systems of different spectral regulation strategies. We also discuss the spectral regulation strategies in near-field TPV devices. Finally, we look forward to potential development paths and prospects of spectral regulation to achieve scalable deployment of future TPV devices.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者:黄哲群,huangzhequn@sjtu.edu.cn; 崔可航,cuikehang@sjtu.edu.cn

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 52371139)、上海市扬帆计划 (批准号: 21YF1419700)和上海市浦江人才计划(批准号: 19PJ1404600)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Huang Zhe-Qun,huangzhequn@sjtu.edu.cn; Cui Ke-Hang,cuikehang@sjtu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52371139), the Shanghai Sailing Program, China (Grant No. 21YF1419700), and the Shanghai Pujiang Program, China (Grant No. 19PJ1404600).

文章全文: translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献	材料与结构	测试波长范围/μm	设计温度/K	测试温度	光伏电池带隙/eV	光谱效率/ %
[2]	1D Si/SiO₂	1.00—8.00	1293	工作温度	0.55	34.5
[39]	1D Si/SiO₂/W	0.40—8.00	1473	室温	0.73	65.6
[37]	1D W+SiO₂/TiO₂+合金	0.80—6.00	1373	工作温度	0.55	46.8
[35]	1D W/HfO₂	0.65—10.0	1273	室温	0.55	49.5
[45]	1D W/HfO₂	0.50—4.00	1673	室温	0.72	50.2
[48]	1D W/HfO₂	0.50—3.50	1673	室温	0.72	48.3
[57]	1D YSZ/W/YSZ	0.30—4.00	1640	室温	0.67	50.1
[38]	W+Al₂O₃+SiO₂/TiO₂+W–Al₂O₃	0.50—5.00	1696	模拟	0.73	57.3
[3]	1D多晶Ta	1.00—3.00	1327	室温	0.62	60.0
[22]	2D Ta + HfO₂涂覆	0.25—2.50	1000	室温	0.54	71.2
[49]	2D W + CNT	0.50—5.00	1273	室温	0.74	42.1
[27]	3D W反蛋白石结构	0.50—5.00	1673	室温	0.67	33.9
[54]	Yb₂O₃	0.80—45.0	1735	工作温度	0.69	18.9
[55]	Al₂O₃/EAG	1.00—9.00	1850	工作温度	0.72	36.0
[58]	NiO掺杂MgO	1.00—5.00	1473	工作温度	0.69	45.9

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