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固体中的声波有两种传播方式: 一种是声体波, 以纵波或横波的形式在固体内部传播; 另一种是声表面波, 在固体表面产生并沿着表面传播. 声波射频技术利用这些声波来截取和处理信号, 尤其体现在快速发展的射频滤波器技术中. 声学滤波器因其体积小、成本低和性能稳定等多方面的优势, 在移动通信等领域得到了广泛应用. 受益于成熟的制造工艺和确定的共振频率, 声波已逐渐成为操控磁性和自旋的有力手段, 这一领域正朝着小型化、超快和节能的自旋电子学器件应用迈进. 将磁性材料集成到声学射频器件, 也开辟了对声学器件调控方法和性能提升的新思路. 本综述首先梳理了各种磁声耦合的物理机制, 并在此基础上系统介绍了声控磁化动力学、磁化翻转、磁畴和磁性斯格明子产生及运动、自旋流产生等一系列磁性和自旋现象. 同时也讨论了声控磁的逆过程——磁控声波的研究进展, 包括声波参数的磁调控和声波的非互易传播, 以及基于此开发的新型磁声器件, 如磁传感器、磁电天线、可调谐滤波器等. 最后展望了磁声耦合未来可能的研究方向和潜在的应用前景.Acoustic wave in solid has two modes of propagation: the bulk acoustic wave (BAW), which propagates inside solid in the form of longitudinal or transverse wave, and the surface acoustic wave (SAW), which is generated on the surface of solid and propagates along the surface. In acoustic radio frequency (RF) technologies acoustic waves are used to intercept and process RF signals, which are typified by the rapidly developing RF filter technology. Acoustic filter has the advantages of small size, low cost, steady performance and simple fabrication, and is widely used in mobile communication and other fields. Due to the mature fabrication process and well-defined resonance frequency of acoustic device, acoustic wave has become an extremely intriguing way to manipulate magnetism and spin current, with the goal of pursuing miniaturized, ultra-fast, and energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The integration of magnetic materials into acoustic RF device also provides a new way of thinking about the methods of acoustic device modulation and performance enhancement. This review first summarizes various physical mechanisms of magneto-acoustic coupling, and then based on these mechanisms, a variety of magnetic and spin phenomena such as acoustically controlled magnetization dynamics, magnetization switching, magnetic domain wall and magnetic skyrmions generation and motion, and spin current generation are systematically introduced. In addition, the research progress of magnetic control of acoustic wave, the inverse process of acoustic control of magnetism, is discussed, including the magnetic modulation of acoustic wave parameters and nonreciprocal propagation of acoustic waves, as well as new magneto-acoustic devices developed based on this, such as SAW-based magnetic field sensors, magneto-electric antennas, and tunable filters. Finally, the possible research objectives and applications of magneto-acoustic coupling in the future are prospected. In summary, the field of magneto-acoustic coupling is still in a stage of rapid development, and a series of groundbreaking breakthroughs has been made in the last decades, and the major advances are summarized in this field. The field of magneto-acoustic coupling is expected to make further significant breakthroughs, and we hope that this review will further promote the researches of physical phenomena of the coupling between magnetism and acoustic wave, spin and lattice, and potential device applications as well.
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Keywords:
- magneto-elastic coupling/
- acoustic control of magnetism/
- magnetic control of acoustic wave/
- magneto-acoustic device
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研究内容 材料体系 耦合机制 中心频率f/GHz 进展 声控磁化
动力学Ni[1] 磁弹耦合 2.24 首次实验观测 Ni[5] 1.725 纵漏波驱动 Ni[6] 3.47 水平剪切波驱动, 具有不同的角度依赖性 Ni19Fe81[8] 旋磁耦合 1.3—2.1 旋磁耦合驱动 Ni[9] 磁弹耦合 7.8—9.8 光学激发和探测, 表征阻尼因子 Ni/Co[10] 1.429 NV色心探测 Ni[11] 3.56 BLS成像 Ni[12] 0.1—2.5 XMCD-PEEM成像 Ni[13] 1.97—3.23 直流电学探测 声控磁
化翻转FeGa[14] 磁弹耦合(非共振) 0.158 降低矫顽力 (Ga, Mn)(As, P)[15] 0.549 矫顽力降低60% (Ga, Mn)As[16] 0.99 无场翻转 Pt/Co/Ta[17] 0.076 SAW辅助SOT翻转, 临界翻转电流密度降低 隧道结[18] 磁弹耦合 11—18 模拟SAW辅助STT翻转 声控畴
壁运动Fe70Ga18B12[19] 磁弹耦合(非共振) 4.23 微磁学模拟, 畴壁运动速度上限50 m/s [Co/Pt]多层膜[20] 0.097 SAW驻波使畴壁运动速度提高1个量级 Pt/Co/Ta[21] 0.048 区分热效应和磁弹耦合对畴壁运动的贡献 声控斯
格明子Pt/Co/Ir[22] 磁弹耦合(非共振) 0.23, 0.40 斯格明子的产生 [Co/Pd]多层膜[23] 0.366 纵漏波驱动斯格明子的有序产生和运动 声波产生
自旋流Co/Pt[24] 磁弹耦合 1.548 声自旋泵浦, 逆自旋霍尔效应探测 Ni/Cu(Ag)/Bi2O3[25] — 声自旋泵浦, 逆Edelstein效应探测 Ni/Cu/Bi2O3[26] 2.86 谐振腔增强声自旋泵浦, 自旋流产生能力提高3倍 Ni81Fe19/Cu[27] 自旋-旋转耦合 1.59 瑞利波产生纯自旋流(σy) Ni81Fe19/Cu[28] 0.666 水平剪切波产生纯自旋流(σx和σz) 声波的非
互易传播Ni[29] 磁弹耦合 2.24 切应变与正应变耦合, 隔离度0.05 dB/mm Fe3Si[30] 3.455 切应变与正应变耦合, 隔离度0.8 dB/mm Ni/Si[31] 1.85 切应变与正应变耦合, 非互易性可调,
隔离度0.03 dB/mmTa/CoFeB/MgO[32] 磁-旋转耦合 6.1 旋转应变与正应变耦合, 非互易性100% CoFeB/Pt[33] 磁弹耦合 6.77 界面DMI诱导的非互易, 隔离度27.9 dB/mm FeGaB/Al2O3/FeGaB[34] 1.435 偶极耦合诱导的非互易, 隔离度22 dB/mm Co40Fe40B20/Au/Ni81Fe19[35] 6.87 偶极耦合诱导的非互易, 隔离度74 dB/mm CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB[36] 1.4 RKKY耦合诱导的非互易, 隔离度37 dB/mm Pt/Co/Ru/Co/Pt[37] 6.77 RKKY耦合和DMI诱导的非互易, 隔离度3 dB/mm CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB[38] 5.08 RKKY耦合诱导的非互易, 隔离度250 dB/mm 磁传感器 FeCoSiB[39] 磁电耦合 0.148 SAW延迟线结构激发勒夫波, 10 Hz下
70 pT/Hz1/2的探测极限FeCoSiB[40] 0.477 SAW谐振器结构激发勒夫波, 灵敏度630.4 kHz/Oe 磁电天线 AlN/FeGaB[41] 磁电耦合 2.53 FBAR结构, 首次实验验证可行性,
增益 –18 dBi, 辐射效率0.4%ZnO/FeGaB[42] 1.75 SMR结构, 增益–18.8 dBi, 功率耐受性30.4 dBm 可调谐
滤波器AlN/FeGaB[43] 磁电耦合 0.093 磁场频率可调性50 Hz/μT, 电场频率可调性2.3 kHz/V 注: “—”表示未报道,σi(i=x,y,z)表示i方向极化的自旋流. 
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