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非对心的相对论重离子碰撞中, 不参与碰撞的核子会对参与碰撞的核子产生纵向拖拽, 形成一个相对于纵向倾斜的夸克胶子等离子体(QGP)火球. 同时, 对撞的原子核可将巨大的轨道角动量沉积于QGP中, 使其中的部分子沿系统总角动量方向发生自旋极化. 在光学 Glauber模型基础上, 本文构建了倾斜的三维QGP初态条件, 并结合3+1维黏滞流体力学模型CLVisc, 研究了重离子碰撞的末态带电粒子的直接流和
$ \Lambda/\bar{\Lambda} $ 超子的整体极化. 计算表明, 倾斜的初态条件与流体力学模型的结合能够较好地描述RHIC-STAR实验上观测到的直接流与超子整体自旋极化的数据. 这为人们利用这些观测量进一步约束重离子碰撞产生的核物质的初始几何与运动学状态提供了理论依据.In non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the non-colliding nucleons drag the colliding nucleons along the longitudinal direction asymmetrically, producing a longitudinally tilted quark-gluon plasma (QGP) fireball. Meanwhile, these colliding nuclei deposit a huge initial orbital angular momentum into the system, leading to the polarization of partons inside the QGP along the direction of the total angular momentum. Based on the optical Glauber model, we develop a 3-dimensional initial condition of the tilted QGP. By combining it with the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model CLVisc, we investigate the directed flow of charged hadrons and the global polarization of$ \Lambda/\bar{\Lambda} $ hyperons in heavy-ion collisions. Our calculation indicates that the combination of a tilted initial condition of the QGP and the hydrodynamic model can provide a satisfactory description of the directed flow and global polarization observed at RHIC-STAR. This offers a theoretical baseline for using these observables to further constrain the initial geometry and kinematic properties of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.-
Keywords:
- relativistic heavy ion collision/
- quark-gluon plasma/
- directed flow/
- $ \Lambda/\bar{\Lambda} $ global polarization
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