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摘要

鉴于极化激元对介电环境异常敏感的特性, 本文中提出了双曲材料六方氮化硼(hBN)和石墨烯与相变材料二氧化钒(VO ₂)组成的异质结构, 用来研究hBN声子极化激元(PhPs)的主动可调谐性. 研究结果表明, 通过控制hBN/VO ₂异质结构中VO ₂相变可实现对hBN PhPs的主动调谐, 获得主动可调谐的自发发射(SE)率. 当在hBN/VO ₂异质结构中添加石墨烯时, 会在hBN双曲线带内耦合产生双曲等离子体-声子极化激元(HPPPs), 而在双曲线带外产生表面等离子体-声子极化激元(SPPPs), 通过控制VO ₂相态和调节石墨烯化学势亦可实现石墨烯/hBN/VO ₂异质结构的耦合色散及SE率的主动调谐. 该研究为使用诸如相变材料和石墨烯等功能材料调谐各向异性光学材料与光的相互作用机制提供了理论指导.

关键词:

Abstract

Active tunability of phonon dispersion and spontaneous emission (SE) are still open problems due to their exciting potential applications. In view of the fact that polaritons are very sensitive to the dielectric environment, in this study, with the help of the differences in optical property between the phase change material vanadium dioxide (VO ₂) during the phase transition from the insulating state to metallic state and the tunable surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene, a heterostructure composed of hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphene and VO ₂is proposed to investigate the active tunability of hBN phonon polaritons (PhPs). In order to illustrate the underlying physical mechanism of the above heterostructures, the dispersion distributions of the above heterostructures are calculated and represented by the imaginary part of the p-polarized Fresnel reflection coefficient of the heterostructure, meanwhile the dispersion relation of the hBN/VO ₂heterostructure in hyperbolic region is verified by the quasi-static approximation method. Results indicate that the active tunability of hBN PhPs inside type-I and type-II hyperbolic bands can be achieved by controlling VO ₂phase transition in hBN/VO ₂heterostructure. The PhP dispersion change of the hBN/VO ₂heterostructure is mainly caused by the change of the VO ₂dielectric function when VO ₂substrate changes from the insulating state into metallic state, which affects the total Fresnel reflection coefficient of the heterostructure, finally resulting in the PhP dispersion change of hBN/VO ₂heterostructure. When graphene is introduced into the hBN/VO ₂heterostructure, coupled hyperbolic plasmon-phonon polaritons (HPPPs) are obtained within type-I and type-II hyperbolic band of hBN, while the surface plasmon-phonon polaritons (SPPPs) are generated outside its hyperbolic bands. Moreover, comparative analysis of SE rates is presented for a quantum emitter positioned with the hBN/VO ₂and graphene/hBN/VO ₂heterostructure, revealing that the SE rates of these heterostructures can be modulated by the passive means including changing the hBN thickness and distance between the dipole emitter and the proposed heterostructure, and also by the active means including tuning VO ₂phase states and graphene chemical potential without changing structural configurations. This study provides a theoretical guidance in realizing active tunability of both phonon dispersion and SE rate of the natural or artificial anisotropic optical materials by using functional materials including phase change materials and graphene.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者:周昆,zhoukun0209@163.com; 吴小虎,xiaohu.wu@iat.cn

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 52204258)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(批准号: 2022QN1017)、新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(批准号: 2022B03003-3)和山东省自然科学基金(批准号: ZR2022YQ57)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Zhou Kun,zhoukun0209@163.com; Wu Xiao-Hu,xiaohu.wu@iat.cn

Funds:Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52204258), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2022QN1017), the Xinjiang Key Research and Development Special Task, China (Grant No. 2022B03003-3), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2022YQ57).

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