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摘要

分别对裸的直玻璃管和外壁与出入口两端面涂导电银胶的直玻璃管进行了低能电子穿透实验. 穿透电子的倾角分布显示, 穿透电子强度随倾角增大而减少, 并且穿透倾角不会超过玻璃管的几何张角. 还测量了玻璃管在倾角为–0.2°时的充电过程. 对于裸玻璃管, 在充电过程中, 穿透率和角分布有显著的振荡现象. 整体来看, 穿透率随时间先下降后上升, 最后在某个平均值附近振荡; 角分布随穿透率变化同步变化, 先向正角度移动再向负角度移动, 最后在玻璃管的倾角附近振荡. 对于涂导电胶的玻璃管, 在充电过程中, 穿透率和角分布稳定变化. 穿透率随时间先下降后上升最后平稳, 角分布随时间先向负角度移动再向正角度移动, 最后在玻璃管倾角附近稳定. 通过模拟电子与SiO ₂材料的碰撞过程, 提出了电子在裸玻璃管和涂导电胶玻璃管中的充电过程的物理图像. 该物理图像能很好地解释电子在裸玻璃管和涂导电胶的玻璃管中充电过程的实验结果. 最后, 依据实验结果和物理图像给出了低能电子在玻璃毛细管中稳定输运的条件.

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Abstract

The electron microbeam is useful for modifying certain fragments of biomolecule. It is successful to apply the guiding effect to making the microbeam of positively charged particles by using single glass capillary. However, the mechanism for the electron transport through insulating capillaries is unclear. Meanwhile, previous researches show that there are oscillations of the transmission intensity of electrons with time in the glass capillaries with outer serface having no grounded conductive shielding, So, the application of glass capillary to making the microbeam of electrons is limited. In this paper, the transmission of 1.5 and 0.9 keV electrons through the glass capillary without/with the grounded conductive-coated outer surface are investigated, respectively. This study aims to understand the mechanism for low energy electron transport in the glass capillaries, and find the conditions for the steady transport of the electrons. Two-dimensional angular distribution of the transported electrons and its time evolution are measured. It is found that the intensity of the transported electrons with the incident energy through the glass capillaries for the glass capillaries without and with the grounded conductive-coated outer surface show the typical geometrical transmission characteristics. The time evolution of the 1.5- keV electron transport presents an extremely complex variation for the glass capillary without the grounded conductive-coated outer surface. The intensity first falls, then rises and finally oscillates around a certain mean value. Correspondingly, the angular distribution center experiences moving towards positive-negative-settlement. In comparison, the charge-up process of the 0.9 keV electron transport through the glass capillary with the grounded conductive-coated outer surface shows a relatively simple behavior. At first, the intensity declines rapidly with time. Then, it slowly rises till a certain value and stays steady subsequently. The angular distribution of transported electrons follows the intensity distribution in general, but with some delay. It quickly moves to negative direction then comes back to positive direction. Finally, it regresses extremely slowly and ends up around the tilt angle. To better understand the physics behind the observed phenomena, the simulation for the interaction of the electrons with SiO ₂material is performed to obtain the possible deposited charge distribution by the CASINO code. Based on the analysis of the experimental results and the simulated charge deposition, the conditions for stabilizing the electron transport through glass capillary arepresented.

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作者及机构信息

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通信作者:张红强,zhanghq@lzu.edu.cn; 陈熙萌,chenxm@lzu.edu.cn

基金项目:国家自然科学基金 (批准号: U1732269, 11805169)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 (批准号: lzujbky-2021-sp41)、瑞典科研与教育国际合作基金 (STINT) (批准号: IB2018-8071) 和国家外国专家局重点项目资助的课题.

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Corresponding author:Zhang Hong-Qiang,zhanghq@lzu.edu.cn; Chen Xi-Meng,chenxm@lzu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1732269, 11805169), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. lzujbky-2021-sp41), the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (Grant No. IB2018-8071), and the Key Program of the State Administration of Foreign Experts, China.

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