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在各种物理量中, 温度是最直观和最普遍的量. 温度的剧烈变化通常意味着物体的物理性质出现波动, 因此在各个领域中温度往往是重要的指标. 随着科学技术的发展, 许多领域研究和应用的尺度越来越小, 然而在小于10 μm的空间尺度内还没有通用的温度测量方法. 除了空间分辨率的要求, 传感器在测量过程中不应该对被测对象有巨大影响, 金刚石氮-空位(nitrogen vacancy, NV)色心是一种稳定的发光缺陷, 通过对其能谱和电子自旋量子态的测量, 可以获得其附近温度、电磁场等物理量的信息. 由于金刚石的化学特性稳定和热导率高, 可以进行纳米尺度的非破坏性测量. 它对细胞无毒, 也可以用于生命领域的研究. 此外, 根据金刚石的特性, NV色心可以与光纤、扫描显微镜等技术结合, 实现不同场景中的温度测量. 本文将介绍金刚石NV色心的温度特性、测温原理及其在相关领域的应用.Temperature is the most intuitive and widespread in various physical quantities. Violent changes in temperature usually implies the appearing of fluctuations in physical properties of an object. Therefore, temperature is often an important indicator. With the development of science and technology, the scales in many fields are being more and more miniaturized. However, there are no mature temperature measurement systems in the case where the spatial scale is less than 10 μm. In addition to the requirement for spatial resolution, the sensor ought to exert no dramatic influence on the object to be measured. The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a stable luminescence defect. The measurements of its spectrum and spin state can be used to obtain the information about physical quantities near the color center, such as temperature and electro-magnetic field. Owing to its stable chemical properties and high thermal conductivity, the NV center can be applied to the noninvasive detection for nano-scale researches. It can also be used in the life field because it is non-toxic to cells. Moreover, combined with different techniques, such as optical fiber, scanning thermal microscopy, NV center can be used to measure the local temperatures in different scenarios. This review focuses on the temperature properties, the method of measuring temperature, and relevant applications of NV centers.
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温度灵敏度/$({\rm{mK} }\cdot{ {\rm{Hz}^{-1/2} } })$ 方法 样品 NV色心浓度或者碳含量 参考文献 0.43 利用自旋锁相结合ODMR 块状 0.1—1 × 106(99.99% ${ }^{12} {\rm{C}}$) [35] 0.76 增加NV色心的浓度 块状 2.84 × 106 [43] 1.6 借助磁场消磁测量温度 块状 0.15 × 106 [40] 5 对自旋能级进行相干操控 块状 99.995% ${ }^{12} {\rm{C}}$ [28] 9 对自旋能级进行相干操控 块状 99.99% ${ }^{12}{\rm{ C}}$ [29] 10 对自旋能级进行相干操控 块状 1.1%13C [27] 10.1 利用多脉冲进行相干操控 块状 1.1%13C [37] 11 利用居里温度下磁场的改变推算出温度 100 nm 500个NV [41] 0.076 利用居里温度下磁场的改变推算出温度 金刚石立柱 单个NV [42] 130 对自旋能级进行相干操控 50 nm 无相关数据 [28] 300 NV色心电子态的超精细结构 50 nm 100个NV [32] 
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