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摘要

在高频振荡的外场中, 可通过多光子跃迁过程在真空中激发出正负电子对. 本文运用计算量子场论的方法数值求解了狄拉克方程, 通过观察产生粒子在能量上的分布, 对外场宽度在正负粒子产生过程中的影响进行了分析. 当场宽较大时, 光子跃迁过程模式较为单一, 主要在能量对称的区域发生, 且单光子跃迁的概率远大于其他多光子过程; 而当场宽较小时, 双光子跃迁过程的概率大幅增加至和单光子过程同数量级, 并且跃迁能量为外场频率整数倍的非对称跃迁都有可能发生. 此外, 在其他跃迁能量上激发出正负电子对也存在一定概率, 粒子跃迁较宽场时呈现出更为复杂的模式.

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Abstract

Within an oscillating field with high frequency, electron-positron pairs can be generated from vacuum as the result of multi-photon transition process. In this paper, through the computational quantum field theory and the split operator technique, we use a numerical method to solve the spatiotemporally dependent Dirac equation, the result of which enables us to discuss the process of creating electron-positron pair under a time-dependent and spatially localized external field. By monitoring the total number and the energy distribution of created pairs, the effect of the field width on the creating electron-positron pair is discussed. For a wide width, the symmetric transition of single photon transition is dominant, because the momentum of the transition particle is approximately conserved due to a gradually varying space. For an oscillating field with frequency that exceeds the threshold $ 2mc^2$ , the energy of a single-photon is sufficient to cross the energy gap between the positive energy continuum and the negative energy continuum. As a result, the electron-positron pairs will be generated continuously, where a transition with symmetric energy has the maximum probability. Meanwhile, higher-order photon transition also arises, especially for three-photon transition with one photon transition completely inside the negative energy continuum. To observe the effect of this photon, we artificially cut the negative energy at a specific value. Accordingly, in the energy distribution of the created pairs, the peak corresponding to three-photon transition disappears, which indicates that the photon inside the negative energy continuum is indispensable in a three-photon transition process. For a narrow field width where the conservation of the momentum breaks down, the production corresponding to the asymmetric transition becomes obvious. In the energy distribution, the peaks representing two-photon transition and three-photon transition become wide and are split into two small peaks. For the three-photon transition, if we cut the negative energy at a specific value, it affects only the peak with lower energy, which indicates a different transition mode of the case corresponding to a wide field. Furthermore, in a narrow field the transition probability of double-photon transition greatly increases, even to a similar order of magnitude of the single photon transition. Apart from transitions with energy equal to integer multiple of the frequency of the photon appearing with asymmetric patterns, there also exists transitions with other energy. The multi-photon transition process of the particles for a narrow field width is more complicated than for a wide field width.

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通信作者:李英骏,lyj@aphy.iphy.ac.cn

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11974419, 11605286)和国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2018YFA0404802)资助的课题

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Corresponding author:Li Ying-Jun,lyj@aphy.iphy.ac.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11974419, 11605286) and the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0404802)

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施引文献

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下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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