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高能重带电粒子能直接穿透靶原子核外电子层, 与原子核发生直接碰撞, 发生散裂反应, 产生一系列具有放射性的剩余产物核. 重带电粒子诱发靶材放射性剩余核与辐射防护和人员安全有着密切联系, 当前, 大部分剩余核产额主要依靠蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序进行模拟计算, 其准确程度亟需通过实验测量进行准确评估. 本文利用能量为80.5 MeV/u的 12C 6+粒子对薄铜靶开展了辐照实验与伽玛射线测量, 结合伽玛谱学分析方法, 得出了辐照产生的18种放射性剩余产物的初始活度和产生截面值, 并与PHITS模拟结果进行对比. 结果表明, PHITS模拟程序对放射性剩余核种类的估计具有较高可靠性, 在其绝对产额方面, 与实验测量仍具有较大偏差.Radioactive residual nuclides, which are usually closely related to radiation protection and personnel safety, will be generated when target materials are irradiated by high energy particles. Based on different nuclear reaction models, Monte Carlo code is a usual method to obtain residual nuclide production. The simulation accuracy needs to be evaluated by experimental data. In this paper, an irradiation experiment of thin copper target irradiated by 12C 6+particles with energy of 80.5 MeV/u is carried out. The radioactivities and cross-sections of 18 radioactive residual nuclides are obtained by gamma spectrometry analysis. Compared with the Monte Carlo simulation by PHITS, the results show that the spallation model of PHITS has a high reliability in estimating the types of radioactive residual nuclei, and it could be optimized in the aspect of the absolute yield.
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Keywords:
- spallation reactions/
- residual nuclides/
- Monte Carlo simulations/
- gamma spectrometry method
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] -
剩余核名称 半衰期/d T= 11.8 d/Bq T= 6.8 d/Bq 推导值/Bq T= 3.8 d/Bq 推导值/Bq 51Cr 27.7 1526.2 1695.1 1729.6 1831.9 1864.5 48V 15.97 1107.9 1351.0 1376.4 1512.9 1567.8 52Mn 5.59 934.9 1690.1 1737.9 2437.4 2521.0 58Co 70.82 876.1 893.5 920.0 949.7 947.5 56Co 77.27 239.1 233.5 250.1 233.6 256.9 44 mSc 2.44 228.9 907.4 536.4 2105.5 2218.0 57Co 271.79 211.3 209.4 214.0 216.5 215.7 46Sc 83.79 169.7 179.9 176.9 174.9 181.3 47Sc 3.345 155.2 433.7 437.4 799.6 814.4 54Mn 312.3 140.7 139.8 142.3 139.2 143.2 59Fe 44.5 58.1 55.6 60.9 65.1 65.8 
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剩余核
名称半衰期 模拟活
度值/Bq实测活
度值/BqExp./Cal. 47Sc 3.345d 2832.3 799.6 ± 29.9 0.28 51Cr 27.7d 1953.0 1831.9 ± 68.5 0.94 44Sc 2.927h 1920.0 4507.8 ± 288.6 2.47 48V 15.97d 1642.2 1512.9 ± 110.1 0.86 44mSc 58.6h 1813.3 2105.5 ± 78.8 1.22 48Sc 43.67h 1416.6 152.0 ± 13.2 0.11 52Mn 5.59d 1106.3 2437.4 ± 111.7 2.20 58Co 70.82d 915.5 949.7 ± 43.5 1.04 7Be 53.29d 776.7 186.3 ± 12.9 0.24 43K 22.3h 598.6 143.3 ± 5.4 0.24 32P 14.26d 490.4 纯β衰变 — 57Ni 35.6h 486.5 203.2 ± 13.5 0.42 46Sc 83.79d 408.7 174.9 ± 9.6 0.43 33P 14.26d 327.8 纯β衰变 — 47Ca 4.536d 233.2 特征峰微弱 — 57Co 271.79d 214.4 216.5 ± 8.1 1.01 56Co 77.27d 213.3 233.6 ± 15.5 1.09 37Ar 35.04d 208.6 纯β衰变 — 54Mn 312.3d 199.6 139.2 ± 6.4 0.70 42K 12.36h 176.3 特征峰微弱 — 49V 330d 163.5 纯β衰变 — 3H 12.33a 130.3 纯β衰变 55Co 17.53h 116.4 133.1 ± 13.8 1.14 59Fe 44.5d 109.4 61.8 ± 5.8 0.56 48Cr 21.56h 93.5 47.5 ± 1.8 0.51 下载:
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剩余核名称 测量截面值/mb 模拟截面值/mb 7Be 9.11 ± 0.98 38.0 43K 2.05 ± 0.19 8.6 44 mSc 13.37 ± 1.21 10.9 46Sc 13.21 ± 1.31 30.9 47Sc 5.10 ± 0.46 18.1 48Sc 1.04 ± 0.13 9.7 48V 24.93 ± 2.75 28.5 48Cr 0.72 ± 0.07 1.4 51Cr 48.78 ± 4.41 48.0 52Mn 19.16 ± 1.81 8.7 54Mn 38.28 ± 3.61 38.3 55Co 3.26 ± 0.43 2.9 56Co 16.31 ± 1.72 14.9 57Co 51.88 ± 4.69 51.4 58Co 60.97 ± 5.76 58.8 57Ni 1.59 ± 0.17 3.8 59Fe 2.55 ± 0.32 4.5 下载:
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[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]
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