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摘要

固态锂电池中电极材料与固态电解质的力学性能对于电池的机械稳定性有重要影响, 如果电池内部的应力超过材料的强度, 则会在固态电池内部发生不同规模、不同组分的机械力学失效, 从而严重恶化电池的电化学性能. 本文从提高固态电池机械稳定性的角度出发, 阐述了固态电池中各组分的力学性能对固态电池机械稳定性的影响, 并分析了影响材料力学性能的因素. 另外, 固态锂电池在电池充放电过程中出现的机械力学失效问题, 包括电极材料/电解质的破裂/断裂、电极与电解质的接触损失以及由于锂枝晶引发的电池短路等, 也在综述中被讨论. 最后, 总结了目前解决固态锂电池中机械力学失效的一些常用策略, 并对未来该领域的研究方向进行了展望. 本文讨论的固态锂电池中的机械力学失效以及解决策略将有助于研究人员构筑高能量密度、长寿命、更安全的固态锂电池.

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Abstract

The mechanical properties of electrode materials and solid-state electrolytes in solid-state batteries (SSBs) have an important influence on the mechanical stabilties of SSBs. Mechanical failures in SSBs on different scales and in different components will occur once the stress inside SSBs exceeds the materials’ strengths, which seriously deteriorates the electrochemical performances of SSBs. From the perspective of stabilizing the mechanical stabilities of SSBs, in this review we describe the influences of the mechanical properties of each component in SSBs on the mechanical stabilites of SSBs, and we analyze the factors that affect the mechanical properties of materials. In addition, we also discuss the mechanical failures of SSBs during cycle, including electrode materials’ or solid-state electrolytes’ fractures, electrode-electrolyte contact losses, and short-circuits due to lithium dendrites. Finally, we summarize some common strategies to mitigate the mechanical failures in SSBs, and look forward to the future research directions in this field. Overall, the mechanical failures in SSBs and their strategies discussed in this review will help researchers build SSBs with higher energy density, longer life and higher safety.

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作者及机构信息

通信作者:范丽珍,fanlizhen@ustb.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Fan Li-Zhen,fanlizhen@ustb.edu.cn

文章全文: translate this paragraph

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

电池材料		杨氏模量/GPa	剪切模量/GPa	硬度/GPa	泊松比(B/G)	K_c/MPa·m^1/2
氧化物电解质	Li_0.33La_0.57TiO₃^[29]	200	80	9.2	1.66	~1
	Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂^[30]	150	59.6	9.1	1.72	0.92–2.73
	Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃^[31]	115		7.1		1.10
	Li_6.5La₃Zr_1.5Ta_0.5O₁₂^[32]	153.8 ± 2.7	61.2 ± 1.1		1.59
硫化物电解质	Li₂S-P₂S₅^[33]	18.5	7.1 ± 0.3	1.9		0.23 ± 0.04
	Li₇P₃S₁₁^[34]
	Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂^[34]	21.7	7.9		3.44
	Li₁₀SnP₂S₁₂^[34]	29.1	11.2		2.09
	Li₅PS₅Cl^[34]	22.1	8.1		3.57
聚合物电解质	PEO+LiTFSI^[35]	~10^–6
	PEO+ LiClO₄^[36]	14.5 × 10^–3
	PAN+LiClO₄^[37]	1.6 × 10³
	PVDF+LiBF₄^[38]	0.3 × 10^–3
电极材料	LiCoO₂^[33]	178—191		8.3		0.94
	LiFePO₄^[39]	125.9	48.9		2.02
	NCM^[40]	198		11
	石墨^[41]	32	12		2.34
	Si^[42]	113		16.6
	Li^[33]	5	4.25	10^–3

下载: 导出CSV

电极材料		嵌锂/锂化产物	体积变化/%
正极	LiCoO₂	Li_0.5CoO₂	2^[47]
	LiNiO₂	Li_0.5NiO₂	2.8^[48]
	LiMnO₂	Li_0.5MnO₂	5.6^[48]
	LiNi_1/3Co_1/3 Mn_1/3O₂	Li_0.04Ni_1/3Co_1/3 Mn_1/3O₂	7.2^[49]
	LiFePO₄	FePO₄	7^[50]
	S	Li₂S	76^[51]
负极	Si	Li₁₅Si₄	310^[42]
	石墨	LiC₆	13^[41]
	Li₄Ti₅O12	Li₂[Li_1/3Ti_5/3]O₄	0.2^[52]

下载: 导出CSV

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