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摘要

通过求解全波矢布洛赫方程研究了两能级原子与飞秒超快激光脉冲的相互作用过程, 计算了不同拉比频率取值下原子所受光学偶极力和粒子数布居随时间的演化情况, 分析了光场失谐量对光学势分布情况的影响. 研究发现: 由飞秒激光场产生的横向光力的时间平均值并不等于零, 而是随着拉比频率的增加呈现振荡的增大趋势; 纵向光力的时间平均作用也并非是拉比频率的单调函数, 而是随着拉比频率的增加呈现周期性的振荡分布特性; 光学势的分布对光场的失谐量具有明显的依赖性, 随着失谐量的变化, 光学势的性质也随之发生了改变.

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Abstract

In 2011, Kumar et al. (2011 Phys. Rev. A 84043402) studied the light force acting on a beam of neutral two-level atoms superimposed on a few-cycle-pulse Gaussian laser field under both resonant and off-resonant conditions by solving the optical Bloch equation beyond the rotating-wave approximation, and they found that under resonant condition the transverse component of the light force shows oscillatory behavior but vanishes when a time average is taken, and the time averaged longitudinal force is nonzero only when the Rabi frequency is smaller than the resonant frequency and vanishes when the Rabi frequency is equal to or larger than the resonant frequency. In this paper, we investigate further the strong nonlinear optical interaction between a two-level atomic system and a femtosecond Gaussian laser pulse by solving numerically the full-wave optical Bloch equations through using the predictor-corrector method. It is found that the light forces and the light potentials are sensitive to the value of the Rabi frequency and the detuning of the laser field. Under the resonant condition, the instant light forces induced by the femtosecond laser pulse change their signs as a function of time. The instant longitudinal light force changes its sign at twice the Rabi frequency, while the instant transverse light force changes its sign at twice the light carrier-wave frequency. However, none of the time-averaged light forces is zero, showing periodical oscillation characters as a function of Rabi frequency. Both of the time-averaged longitudinal and transverse light forces oscillate at the Rabi frequency corresponding to the pulse area of 2 ${\text{π}}$ . The time-averaged transverse light force shows also a trend of enhancement with Rabi frequency increasing, and the time-averaged longitudinal light force shows also a saturation trend with the increase of the Rabi frequency. The optical potential depends strongly on the detuning. It changes gradually from repulsive potential to attractive potential when the detuning defined here changes from negative to positive detuning. When the field is nearly resonant, the optical potential then oscillates between repulsive and attractive potentials. Therefore, neutral atoms can be focused, defocused, trapped, splitted or steered by the femtosecond laser field with appropriate detuning and Rabi frequency.

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作者及机构信息

通信作者:刘纪彩,jicailiu@ncepu.edu.cn

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11574082)和中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: 2018MS050)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author:Liu Ji-Cai,jicailiu@ncepu.edu.cn

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574082) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2018MS050).

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施引文献

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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