Spectral radiation detection in deep space background is an important fundamental research in the field of infrared target detection and identification. Based on the spectral radiation and scattering theory, the spatial distribution model of aerial target reflecting background radiation under complex environment is first built. Then the horizontal and pitch spectral radiation models of target are built based on target skin temperature distribution caused by aerodynamic heating. Combining the target motion equation and relative rotation matrix between target matrix and detector matrix, the process-oriented characteristic of spectral response signal with spatiotemporal variation is emphatically analyzed. The simulation results indicate that different target maneuver modes cause different characteristics of spectral response signal, which shows that a remarkable mapping relationship exists between the target maneuver mode and spectral response signal characteristic. Thus using the spectral response signal to identify target maneuver mode provides a feasible method, and the target posture and relative position are the main factors to affect the spectral response signal characteristic.