In view of a class of synchronization problems about uncertain and variable time-delay systems, this paper puts forward a method of adaptive sliding robust control. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and adaptive sliding mode control methods, the adaptive sliding robust controllers and the parameter adaptive rate are designed. A single controller designed by the synchronous control method is applicable to the synchronizing of a class of fractional-order hyper-chaotic systems, and it has a great ability to resist noise-perturbed. What is more, it can also well control the time-varying time-delay systems. So the controller is of highly practical value. Furthermore, by introducing a certain amount of compensation into the system, the influences of the uncertainty and the noise-disturbance can be eliminated, thus the synchronization of the uncertainty fractional-order hyper-chaotic system is realized. In addition, the control of the synchronous errors of the systems can be stable in arbitrarily small domain. Finally, time-varying and time-delay fractional-order Chen's hyper-chaotic systems with the external noisy disturbances and uncertain parameters are numerically simulated, and the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified.