Based on the principle of spaceborne Doppler wind lidar, a simulation system of frequency discrimination is built based on the double sequential Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer. The wind retrieval algorithm of Rayleigh channel is simulated and studied. The influence on the retrieved atmospheric line-of-sight (LOS) wind speed in Rayleigh channel by the Rayleigh-Brillouin effect and Mie contamination is systematically analyzed. The horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) wind error is analysed using the simulated result of the radiosonde dataset. The results show that the wind speeds of the middle and upper atmosphere can be retrieved in Rayleigh channel based on the double sequential F-P interferometer; the Rayleigh-Brillouin effect and Mie contamination influence the accuracy of LOS wind speed retrieval in Rayleigh channel; the Rayleigh channel requires more accurate temperature; Mie contamination can be ignored in clear atmosphere; when Brillouin effect is not considered, below 2 km, the HLOS wind speed cannot be retrieved in Rayleigh channel, and above 2 km, the HLOS wind speed error in Rayleigh channel is less than 0.4 m/s and its standard deviation is 1-4 m/s. Just as the Mie channel, distributions of aerosol and cloud have an influence on wind error for spaceborne Doppler wind lidar in Rayleigh channel. The research results have an important reference value for the development of spaceborne lidar wind technology.