The interaction of ultrasound with an interface between two rough surfaces in contact has become a quite popular topic in many areas related to non-destructive evaluation (NDE). We proposed a theory of ultrasonic nonlinear interaction between some random rough elastic interfaces. The model of random elastic-contact interface is first described, and then the nonlinear ultrasonic interaction of interfaces with stress-strain relationship is studied, by using different models including linear simplified model, exponential model, and Gaussian model. Results of numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the Gaussian model is more suitable for describing the solid rough interfaces. This study provides an explanation of the ultrasonic interaction on mesoscopic level, which is a theoretical basis for practical application to detect cracks, defects and injuries in industrial ultrasonic NDE.