The light transfer characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystal with single and double-barrier quantum well are studied by transfer matrix method. The results show that when the refractive index of the barrier layer is high, the transmission peaks in single-barrier quantum well of photonic crystal will be narrower and the inner localized field will be stronger, that the peak in the double-barrier is narrower than the one in the single-barrier, and also the inner localized field is stronger in the double-barrier, that with the number of period layer in the photonic crystal increasing, the inner localized field in the double-barrier well is enhanced, furthermore, the bigger the refractive index ratio between barrier and dielectric layers of well, the stronger the inner localized field in the photonic crystal quantum well is. In addition, when the periodicity of the barrier layer in the photonic crystal with a thicker refractive index increases, the inner localized field will strengthen faster, and accordingly, the transmittance of the transmission peak will decrease more quickly. Both of the strengthening and decreasing will work at the top speed when all periods in different barriers increase at the same time. While the period number of the photonic crystal in well layers increases, the inner localized fields in both single and double-barrier will increase, but their transmittances of the transmission peak will keep the same. The characteristics above can provide guidance for designing new high-quality quantum optical devices.