From the classical selective repeat ARQ (Automatic Repeat-reQuest) protocol, a selective repeat ARQ quantum synchronous communication protocol in data link layer is presented by utilizing the intrinsic characteristics of quantum mechanics. The proposed protocol divides the link into the preparation and the send stages, where the message is sent via classical channel and the preparation and distribution of EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) pairs are supposed to be accomplished at the preparation stage. The performances of several protocols in data link layer are compared and analyzed from the aspects of throughput and utilization ratio of the channel. It is shown that the proposed protocol enhances the maximum throughput and the utilization ratio of the channel effectively and improves the performance of the selective repeat ARQ protocol for date link layers. The proposed protocol is of great significance in military communications.