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在工业上和在实验室中,我们都会遇到两个物体之间的电磁屏蔽的问题。在许多应用中,我们只须注意到两个物体之间的静电屏蔽就够了,因而它们之间的相互作用可以从计算它们之间的相互电容来定出。当干扰物体的尺寸很小因而可以认为是一个点电源时,则当它与另一个接地导体(即问题中的电磁屏蔽)共同存在时所生的效应即可由这一个接地导体的格林函数表出。关于格林函数的知识已有很丰富的积累,因而本文中所提出的方法是可以解决多种多样的问题的。文中讨论了扁椭球坐标和长椭球坐标中的格林函数,并对带虚数自变数的勒讓特函数的若干个公式作了推导,因为这些有用的公式在流行的文献中还未见到。导体表面任意形状的小孔的问题是值得讨论的,特别是有限大导体表面上的小孔问题,本文从理论上验证了文献上已经提出来的实验结果。最后我们给出如下两个物体之间的相互电容公式:其中一个是在带小孔的闭合电磁屏蔽体的另一个之内。In industry and in laboratory work oftentimes we are confronted with the problem of electromagnetic shielding between two bodies. In many ceases it is sufficient to have electrostatic shielding, and thus the interaction between two bodies can be determined by examining the mutual capacitance between them. When the interfering body is small and can be considered as a point source, its effect in the presence of another grounded conductor (in our case, the metallic shield) can be calculated by means of the Green's function for this grounded conductor surface. As the Green's functions for various surfaces are well established so these various forms of shielding can be handled by the method proposed in this paper.Green's functions for regions bounded by surfaces of oblate spheroidal as well as prolate spheroidal coordinate system are discussed with a mind to supplement a few formulas for the Legendre function with imaginary variables which are useful in physical and technical problems and which do not seem to appear in popular literatures.The problem of a hole of arbitrary shape on a conducting surface is then discussed with emphasis on the allowable size of the hole on a conducting surface of finite dimension, verifying the experimental results in literature. Finally the formula for calculating the mutual capacitance of two small bodies, one of which is enclosed by a closed metallic shield with a hole on its surface is given.
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