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摘要

利用粒子模拟程序研究了百拍瓦极端光场条件下, 锥形等离子体通道对激光脉冲的整形和重离子加速的影响. 研究发现, 由于非线性干涉和聚焦效应, 锥形等离子体通道能够整形激光脉冲时空波形并增强激光强度. 对于强度为5.46 × 10 ²²W/cm ²、束腰半径为10 μm的线偏振激光入射夹角 θ= 10°的锥形等离子体通道, 可获得紧聚焦 (束腰半径< 1 μm)、超高强度 (强度提高6倍) 的整形激光. 利用该激光加速通道末端的超薄平靶发现, 辐射反作用力能够有效地抑制由于电子加热和激光强度横向不均匀引起的超薄平靶横向膨胀, 延长超薄平靶透明时间, 使得金离子得到充分加速, 最终可获得截止能量高达约 240 GeV的金离子. 研究结果有望为未来百PW激光重离子加速实验方案设计及其在核-核碰撞中的应用研究提供理论参考.

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Abstract

In this work, the effects of conical plasma channels on the laser pulses shaping and the heavy ion acceleration under the extreme light field conditions of hundreds-petawatt are investigated by using a particle simulation method. The law of influence of the conical plasma channel on the spatio-temporal waveform and intensity of the incident laser is analyzed, when the quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect is taken into account. The reason for the shaping laser-enhanced heavy ion acceleration is given, and the role of the QED effect in the acceleration process is explained. It is found that due to the non-linear interference and focusing effects, the conical plasma channel can shape the spatio-temporal waveform of the laser pulse and enhance the laser intensity. A tightly focused (beam waist radius < 1 μm) and ultra-high intensity (enhanced 6 times) shaping laser is obtained for a linearly polarized laser with an intensity of 5.46×10 ²²W/cm ²and a waist radius of 10 μm at an incident angle of θ= 10°. In the simulation, the conical plasma channel is filled by fully ionized high- Zgold plasma with an electron density up to n _e= 2626.5 n _c. Therefore most of the laser energy in the channel is reflected by the channel wall, and the QED effect has less influence on laser focusing and shaping. This laser is used to accelerate an ultra-thin flat target placed at the end of the channel. It is found that the radiation reaction force can effectively suppress the transverse expansion of the ultra-thin flat target, caused by the electron heating and the transverse non-uniform of the laser intensity. The transparency time of the ultra-thin flat target is prolonged, which will allow the gold ions to be fully accelerated. Ultimately, the gold ions can reach up to about 240 GeV in cutoff energy. These results are expected to provide theoretical reference and technical support for designing the future experiments on hundreds-petawatt laser heavy ion acceleration and their applications in high-quality ion source, such as nucleus-nucleus collisions.

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通信作者:张国博,zgb830@163.com

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12305268, 12175310, 12075014)、湖南省教育厅科学研究项目 (批准号: 22B0655, 22A0435)、湖南省自然科学基金(批准号: 2024JJ6184, 2022JJ20042, 2023JJ30195)和国防科技大学科研计划(批准号: ZK21-12)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

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Corresponding author:Zhang Guo-Bo,zgb830@163.com

Funds:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12305268, 12175310, 12075014), the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 22B0655, 22A0435), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2024JJ6184, 2022JJ20042, 2023JJ30195), and the Research Projects of National University of Defense Technology, China (Grant No. ZK21-12).

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